pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in hiv infected patients at imam khomeini complex hospital in tehran, iran: a case series

Cryptosporidium species are a significant cause of persistent untreatable diarrhea in hiv-positive patients, especially in developing countries; however, extra-intestinal instances are rarely documented. herein, we present three cases of pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in hiv patients at imam khomeini hospital, tehran, iran. despite the combination treatment with antiretroviral therapy, azithromycin, and paromomycin, the death of all 3 patients occurred due to severe complications. these cases highlight the importance of early diagnosis and management of respiratory cryptosporidiosis in hiv patients with low cd4 counts.