in vitro assessment of anthelmintic activities of ago nanoparticle against liver fluke dicrocoelium dendriticum

Background: dicrocoeliasis is an important helminthic zoonosis reported from many parts of the world. due to low-performance medications, drug delivery is a great challenge in improving the treatment of this liver fluke infection. we aimed to determine the anthelmintic properties of nanosilver oxide (ago) against dicrocoelium dendriticum infection.methods: the impacts of various concentrations of ago nanoparticles (50-200 µg/ml) for 12-24 hours were compared with closantel, a chemical drug. the anthelmintic efficacy was evaluated using the scanning electron microscopy (sem) technique. the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed for structural assessment using xrd, uv–vis spectroscopy, and sem. the xrd pattern shows the formation of ago nanoparticles.results: the uv-vis spectra showed the broad peak, corresponding to ag nanoparticles. sem images of treated parasites by ago (200 µg/ml) showed severe damage, which includes complete loss of sensory papillae and destruction of prominent network structures and tegument vesicles. the mortality rate increases with the increase in the concentration and exposure time of the parasite to nanoparticles. besides the mtt assay, the toxicity of ago, at concentrations of 800 µg/ml was 8.7%.conclusion: ago nps have potent anthelmintic effects on liver fluke d. dendriticum. this is the first research that assessed the effect of ago np on liver fluke d. dendriticum. hence, the present study provides a basis for future research on the control of this common trematode.