synthesis and clinical examination of novel formulations of ivermectin, albendazole and niclosamide for the treatment of equine gastrointestinal helminthoses

Background: this study aimed to develop new complex preparations of ivermectin, niclosamide and albendazole based on solid-phase mechanochemical technology, and to evaluate their efficacy against equine nematodosis and cestodosis.methods: novel formulation of antiparasitic paste were prepared using joint mechanochemical treatment of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg bodyweight; bw), niclosamide (10 mg/kg bw) and albendazole (3, 5, 10 mg/kg bw) substances with polyvinylpyrrolidone and arabinogalactan. for the evaluation of activity of different doses of formulations against gastrointestinal tract helminths a total of 151 adult horses of the novoaltai breed weighing 450–500 kg naturally infected with strongyles (>150 egg per gram of faeces, epg), parascaris spp. (>20 epg) and anoplocephala spp. (>10 epg) were selected. antiparasitic pastes were orally fed to the horses and faecal egg count reduction counts were compared prior to and 14 days after the treatment.results: pastes with mechanically modified ivermectin showed 91.4–100% efficacy against strongyles and parascaris. pastes with modified albendazole and niclosamide were also effective against anoplocephala in all tested dosages i.e. 78.6–100%. in particular, treatment with two formulations containing i) 0.2 mg ivermectin, 10 mg albendazole, 10 mg niclosamide, and ii) 0.2 mg ivermectin, 3 mg albendazole showed 100% efficacy against strongyles, parascaris and anoplocephala.conclusion: solid-phase mechanochemical technology could be applied in equine anthelminthics production. it is suggested that future studies focus on plasma concentration-time profile of these highly effective pastes.