Frontier Therapeutics and Vaccine Strategies for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): A Review

Covid-19 is considered as the third human coronavirus and has a high potential for transmission. fast public health interventions through antibodies, anti-virals or novel vaccine strategies to control the virus and disease transmission have been extremely followed. sars-cov-2 shares about 79% genomic similarity with sars-cov and approximately 50% with mers-cov. based on these similarities, prior knowledge in treating sars-cov and mers-cov can be used as the basis of majority of the alternatives for controlling sars-cov-2. immunotherapy is an effective strategy for clinical treatment of infectious diseases such as sars-cov-2. passive antibody therapy, which decreases the virus replication and disease severity, is assessed as an effective therapeutic approach to control sars-cov-2 epidemics. the close similarity between sars-cov-2 genome with the sars-cov genome caused both coronaviruses to bind to the same angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) receptors that found in the human lung. there are several strategies to develop sars-cov-2 vaccines, which the majority of them are based on those developed previously for sars-cov. the interaction between the spike (s) protein of sars-cov-2 and ace2 on the host cell surface leads to the initiation of sars-cov-2 infection. s protein, which is the main inducer of neutralizing antibodies, has been targeted by most of these strategies. vaccines that induce an immune response against the s protein to inhibit its binding with the host ace2 receptor, can be considered as effective vaccines against sars-cov-2. here, we aimed to review frontier therapeutics and vaccination strategies for sars-cov-2 (covid-19).