ترجیحات بصری معماران و غیر معماران در ارزیابی عناصر فیزیکی نماهای آپارتمان های مسکونی میان مرتبه در تهران

پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی عناصر فیزیکی موثر بر زیبایی نماهای به سبک پست‌‌مدرن، نئوکلاسیک و مدرن‌متاخر سعی دارد تا با شناخت اشتراک ‌نظر دو گروه معماران و غیرمعماران در ادراک زیبایی نماها گامی در جهت طراحی نماهای مسکونی مطلوب بردارد. لذا عناصر فیزیکی حاصل از 15 نما که نمایندة سه سبک نما هستند، استخراج شدند و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. مرتبة تاثیر هر عنصر فیزیکی در ترجیح، با محاسبة میانگین فراوانی نسبی انتخابها، به شیوه استدلال منطقی در جداولی تنظیم گردیدند. روش این پژوهش، توصیفی، تحلیل محتوا و مبتنی بر تلفیقی از سامانه‌های کمی و کیفی است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهند که عناصر فیزیکی در نماهای به سبک پست‌مدرن مشتمل بر قوس، تقسیمات عمودی نما، حفاظ چوبی بالکنها، آجر‍‌چینی دور پنجره‌ها، طرح‌های زیر پنجره‌ها، احجام پلکانی، مصالح غالب آجر، عناصر فیروزه‌ای رنگ و پنجره‌های واقع در عمق دیوار؛ و همچنین استفاده از 23 مصالح، پیش‌آمدگی احجام، احجام پلکانی، قاب در نما، قاب دور پنجره‌ها، پنجره‌های واقع در عمق دیوار، سایه‌بانها و احجام شیب‌دار در نماهای به سبک مدرن‌متاخر بر ترجیحات دو گروه موثر هستند. عناصر فیزیکی سبک نئوکلاسیک صرفاً مورد ترجیح غیر‌معماران هستند. ترجیحات عناصر فیزیکی حاصل شده در این تحقیق، قابلیت تاثیرگذاری در تصمیم‌سازی طراحان در طراحی نماهای مسکونی به منظور تطابق با ذائقه اکثریت را خواهد داشت.

visual preferences of architects and non-architects in evaluating the physical elements of mid-rise residential apartment facades in tehran

apartment building facades have different emotional effects on people due to their visual elements. these physical elements, also identify the style of the facade. the effect of these physical elements on the preference or dissatisfaction of people is unclear. the present study aims to identify the physical elements affecting the aesthetics of postmodern, neoclassical, and late modern style facades. by recognizing the differences and similarities between the two groups of architects and nonarchitects in perceiving the aesthetics of facades and their physical elements, a step would be taken towards designing desirable apartment facades.in this study, the physical elements of 15 facades were extracted from the three mentioned styles and were structured in a questionnaire that was evaluated by architects and nonarchitects. then the ranking effect of each physical element on preference was evaluated by calculating the average relative frequency of choices which were put in tables by reasoning and logical analysis. finally, the similarities and differences between the evaluations of the two groups of architects and nonarchitects were analyzed and evaluated. in terms of research method, this research is pursued by content analysis methodology, with a quantitative and qualitative integrated approach.despite the different aesthetic evaluations of architects and nonarchitects of the neoclassical style facades, the common opinion of both groups showed a significant preference for the postmodern style facades. also, despite the prevalence of modernstyle facades, both groups of architects and nonarchitects gave higher ratings for postmodern facades, which is due to the reference of this style to traditional symbols of iran.the physical elements including frames in the facade, the protrusion of the volumes, the use of three types of materials (stone, wood, and metal), framed windows, windows located deep in the walls, stepped volumes, the use of two types of materials (stone and wood), sloping volumes and awnings were selected by architects and nonarchitects in the first and second rankings of preference in the late modernstyle facades.the physical elements including semicircular and crescent arches, vertical façade divisions, wooden lattice guards, brick as the predominant material, designs under windows, windows located deep in the walls, turquoise elements, stepped volumes and brickwork around the windows were chosen by architects and nonarchitects in the first and second rankings of preference in the postmodern style facades.the physical elements of balustrade railings, pediments, rectangular cubic volumes under windows, columns on the façade, and roof arches were selected by nonarchitects in the first and second rankings of preference in the neoclassical style facades.the findings of the present study refer to only a few reason for satisfaction or dissatisfaction towards apartment building façades and their related physical elements and cannot be the criterion of design alone. in the postmodern style facade, symbols and architectural concepts of the past are used in a new way, and so this style is more coordinated with iran’s past architecture. therefore, the use of physical elements of the postmodern style is recommended in designing facades.