تبیین عوامل موثر بر شکل‌گیری امنیت سکونت در سکونتگاه‌های خودرو؛ مطالعه موردی: منطقه کلانشهری تهران

امنیت سکونت یکی از چالش های اساسی در سکونتگاه های خودرو است؛ بطوری که از دیدگاه سازمان اسکان بشر، ناامنی سکونت به عنوان چرخه فلاکت و شاخص محرومیت در این نواحی یاد می شود. با توجه به جایگاه امنیت سکونت در ارتقای سکونتگاه های خودرو، می توان این پرسش را مطرح نمود که &چه معیارهایی بر شکل گیری امنیت سکونت در سکونتگاه های خودرو تاثیرگذار می باشند؟&. در راستای پاسخ به پرسش فوق، دیدگاهی دو سطحی از امنیت سکونت پیشنهاد شده که مطابق آن، ادراک امنیت سکونت به طور همزمان از طریق مولفه های قانونی، عرفی و جمعی صورت می گیرد. روش شناسی پژوهش حاضر بر مبنای روش علیتحلیلی بوده و از ابزارهای پیمایش و پرسشنامه، و تکنیک های تحلیل عاملی و معادلات ساختاری به منظور سنجش کارایی الگوی پیشنهادی در سکونتگاه های خودرو منطقه کلانشهری تهران استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق گویای آن است که الگوی تدوین شده دارای برازش قابل قبولی بوده و حدود 90 درصد از واریانس امنیت سکونت در سطح اطمینان 99.9 درصد توسط مدل توضیح داده شده است. بررسی میزان تاثیرات مولفه ها بر ادراک امنیت سکونت نشان می دهد که معیارهای وجود شبکه های حمایتی (با ضریب 0.947)، انسجام و همبستگی اجتماعی (با ضریب 0.753) و نوع تصرف و سند مالکیت (با ضریب 0.650) بیشترین تاثیر را بر امنیت سکونت داشته اند.

Explaining the Factors Affecting Tenure Security in Spontaneous Settlements; Case Study: Tehran Metropolitan Area

The concept of tenure security in spontaneous settlements is largely linked to the right to live for the inhabitants of these areas and is defined as living in a place without fear of losing it. In other words, tenure security is the right of all individuals and groups to have adequate support against forced eviction. The fact is that securing shelter is a basic and necessary principle for improving the living conditions of the poor that are living in these settlements. Also, it is the best way to reduce poverty and considered as the first step in reducing the vulnerability and constraints facing urban poor. Now this question arises that what factors affect the formation of tenure security in spontaneous settlements. The purpose of this study is to explain the factors affecting the formation of tenure security in Tehran Metropolitan Area. For this purpose, based on theoretical foundations, including important theories and significant researches in association with framework of mentioned objective, a twolevel approach to explain the tenure security has been proposed. According to this approach, the merging and combining of factors that create security tenure in legal, de facto, and social dimensions in minds of individuals, make them perceive security. In order to measure the aforementioned model, which was determined by 13 criteria and 48 indicators, the settlements of EslamAbad, Khate Chahare Hesar, Hesare Amir, Emamzadeh Ali and MianAbad (located in Tehran’s metropolitan area) were selected as case studies. The research method of this study is causalanalytic and used the survey include administration and completion of 473 questionnaires which to gather the required information. In order to measure the performance of the proposed model, the techniques of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in the AMOS software have been used. The results of research indicate that the model fit is acceptable and about 90% of the security of tenure variance at the 99.9% confidence level is explained by the model. The effect of criteria on the perception of tenure security indicates that the existence of supportive networks (with coefficient of 0.947), cohesion and social solidarity (with coefficient of 0.753), and the criterion of the type of possession and ownership document (with coefficient of 0.650) had the greatest impact on tenure security. Altogether, the legal, de facto, and social dimensions of tenure security, with effect of 15.4, 61.3 and 23.3 percent, have been able to influence the perception of residents security status. According to the findings of this research, it can be said that establishment of any attitude, drawing of vision regarding the tenure security and, at the same time, planning and action to improve it in spontaneous settlements due to simultaneous attention to legal, de facto, social and perceived tenure security will be possible. Accordingly, the promotion of tenure security should be part of interconnected actions such as: respect for the right to live, strengthening of support networks, promotion of local capital, creation of employment opportunities, provision of vital infrastructure, local and urban services, provision of social services and appropriate legal options to meet the needs of residents.