تاثیر روش‌های تامین مالی مدیریت شهری بر حق‌بر‌شهر در کلانشهر تهران

امروزه چالش تامین مالی به یکی از مهم‌ترین معضلات شهرداری‌ها به خصوص در کلانشهر تهران بدل شده که بررسی کمیت و کیفیت تاثیر این مسئله بر حق‌بر‌شهر، هدف مقاله حاضر است. روش تحقیق به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و تکنیک تحلیل داده‌ها تحلیل محتوای جهت دار از نوعِ کیفی انتخاب شده است. داده‌های مورد نیاز تحقیق از طریق مصاحبه‌ی نیمه باز با 15 تصمیم‌ساز و تصمیم‌گیر حوزه شهری گردآوری شده است. در تحلیل داده‌ها، ابتدا جملات پُرتکرار مندرج در مصاحبه‌ها اِحصا و پس از آن متغیرها و مقوله‌های لازم جهت کُدگذاری، تعیین شدند. همچنین مبتنی بر مدل تحلیلی تحقیق که تشکیل شده از 10 مولفه در روش‌های تامین مالی مدیریت شهری و 4 مولفه در حق‌بر‌شهر است، کُدگذاری متناظر با سوال تحقیق صورت پذیرفت. پایاییِ کُدگذاری‌ها با بکارگیری روش پایایی مرکّب محاسبه شد که حاصل آن 0.82 بود. مبتنی بر این نتایج، اخذ بهای خدمات و درآمد موسسات انتفاعی شهری به عنوان بهترین روش و عوارض بر پروانه‌های ساختمانی به عنوان بدترین روش‌ تامین مالی به‌لحاظ تاثیر بر حق‌بر‌شهر تعیین شدند. در میان مولفه‌های حق‌بر‌شهر نیز، حق مشارکت در تصمیم‌گیری حاکمیتی دارای بالاترین اثرپذیری مثبت و حق مالکیت و دسترسی به فضا دارای بالاترین اثرپذیری منفی از روش‌های تامین مالی است.

The Impact of Urban Management Financing Methods on the Right to the City in Tehran Metropolis

If by the end of the 20th century a citizen was defined as a national of a country, today the citizen is referred to as an urbanite who corresponds to the concept of right to the city. This has made it increasingly important to determine the proportion of citizens’ rights in the face of the city and urban issues in recent years. On the other hand, the challenge of financing the management of cities has become one of the main issues of the municipalities especially in Tehran that determination quantity and quality of its impact on the right to the city is the subject of this research. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and data analysis technique is qualitative directed content analysis. The required data were collected through 15 semiopen interviews with experts. In data analysis, the most frequently used concepts in interviews were extracted and then coded categories were identified. Then, based on the analytical research model consisting of 3 dimensions and 10 components in the variables of financing methods of urban management and 2 dimensions and 4 components in the righttocity variable, the coding process corresponding to the research question was performed. The reliability of the coding was calculated using composite reliability technique with an output of 0.82. The results showed that the cost of services and income of urban forprofit organizations are the most favorable and the complications on building permits are the most undesirable methods of financing are the effect on the right to the city. Also among the righttocity components, the right to participate in sovereign decision making take the most positive effect from urban management financing methods, and the right to ownership and access to space take the most negative effect from financing methods. In inferring from the results, it can be pointed out that the methods that are more transparent and follow the demands of the citizens, have become more desirable. Also, methods whose noncash nature is superior to their cash nature are less desirable due to the nontransparent mechanism of their collection and absorption. It seems that the use of financing methods based on the transfer of capital assets is common due to their accessibility and alternative options due to the need for indepth, accurate measurement, timeconsuming costbenefit analysis and in general Due to the need for reflection, more reflection and work to identify, test and use them are not considered. Meanwhile, the lack of proper oversight of municipal budget approvals by the relevant organizations has led to the institutionalization of unsustainable financing methods in this organization. From a legal point of view, the property of the people is inviolable and their property is so important that Article 51 of the Constitution makes the establishment of any kind of tax subject to the rule of law. Therefore, the acquisition of citizens’ property in illegal ways and under the cover of public power and with the motive of managing the affairs of the city is prohibited.