تاثیر رژیم‌های آبیاری بر عملکرد دانه و شاخص‌های سودمندی جو (hordeum vulgare l.) در کشت مخلوط با حبوبات

ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻏﻼت ﺑﺎ ﺑﻘﻮﻻت ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از روش ﻫﺎی اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت در واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﻴﺎری و ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎی ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و اﺟﺰای ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺒﻮﺑﺎت آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ای ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻛﺮت ﻫﺎی ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮک ﻫﺎی ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﻲ 1393-94 در داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ داراب، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻴﺮاز اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. در اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ رژﻳﻢ ﻫﺎی آﺑﻴﺎری آﺑﻴﺎری ﻣﻄﻠﻮب وﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﻴﺎری در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﻴﺮی ﺷﺪن داﻧﻪ ﺟﻮ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻛﺮت ﻫﺎی اﺻﻠﻲ و ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎی ﻛﺸﺖ ﺗﻚ ﻛﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎی ﺟﻮ دو ردﻳﻔﻪ ﻧﻴﻤﺮوز، ﺟﻮ ﺷﺶ ردﻳﻔﻪ زﻫﻚ، ﻧﺨﻮد )cicer arietinum l.( و ﺑﺎﻗﻼ vicia faba l.)( ، و ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ردﻳﻔﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ 1 ﺑﻪ 1 ﺟﻮ ﻧﻴﻤﺮوز ﻧﺨﻮد، ﺟﻮ ﻧﻴﻤﺮوز ﺑﺎﻗﻼ، ﺟﻮ زﻫﻚ ﻧﺨﻮد و ﺟﻮ زﻫﻚ ﺑﺎﻗﻼ( در ﻛﺮت ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﻴﺎری، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ، ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدﻫﺎی ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ و داﻧﻪ ارﻗﺎم ﺟﻮ را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان 12/5، 23/6، 4/3 و 20 درﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داد. در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﻴﺎری در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﻴﺮی ﺷﺪن داﻧﻪ ﺟﻮ، ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﻛﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺟﻮ زﻫﻚ و ﻧﻴﻤﺮوز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻫﺎی 3470 و 3300 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ دﻣﺎی ﺳﺎﻳﻪ اﻧﺪاز ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﻴﺎری در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﻴﺮی ﺷﺪن داﻧﻪ ﺟﻮ در ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎی ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﻴﻦ 28 ﺗﺎ 30 درﺟﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﻴﺎری ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮی زﻣﻴﻦ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ارﻗﺎم ﺟﻮ، ﺣﺒﻮﺑﺎت و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮی زﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻞ در ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺟﻮ زﻫﻚ ﻧﺨﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻫﺎی0/57 ، 0/83 و 1/4 ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. در ﻫﺮ دو رژﻳﻢ آﺑﻴﺎری ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎی ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺟﻮ زﻫﻚ ﺑﺎﻗﻼ و ﺟﻮ ﻧﻴﻤﺮوز ﺑﺎﻗﻼ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ارزش ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻚ ﻛﺸﺘﻲ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. در اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ رﻗﻢ ﺟﻮ زﻫﻚ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮی زﻣﻴﻦ و ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ارزش ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮ ﻧﻴﻤﺮوز،ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮی در ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﺎ ﺣﺒﻮﺑﺎت در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ آﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Effect of cutting off irrigation on yield and advantage indices of barley intercropped with legumes

Cereals with legume intercropping as one of the ways to increase yield per unit area are recommended. To investigate the effect of cutting off irrigation on yield, yield component and advantageous indices of barley intercropped with legumes, a field experiment was conducted as split plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replicates at College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University during 2014 growing season. Treatments were included two levels of irrigation regimes as main plot (full irrigation and cutting off irrigation at milk development stage) and cropping treatments consisted of monoculture of Nimroz tow rowed barley, Zehak six rowed barley, pea and faba bean and intercropping of Nimroz + pea, Nimroz + faba bean, Zehak + pea and Zehak + faba bean) with a ratio of 1:1 as sub plot. Results showed that under cutting off irrigation number of seeds/spike, harvest index, biological yield and grain yield of barley cultivars decreased 12.5%, 23.6%, 4.3% and 20%, respectively. Under cutting of irrigation at milk development stage, the highest grain yield was obtained in monocropping of Zehak (3470 kg/ha) and Nimroz (3300 kg/ha). In both of the irrigation regimes, Zehak and Nimroz barley cultivars intercropped with faba bean had higher relative value total (RVT) compared to monoculture. In addition, Zehak barley cultivar due to higher grain yield, LER and RVT was better option in intercropping with legumes compared to Nimroz cultivar, under water stress.