پاسخ محتوای یونی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی جو به روش‌های متفاوت کاربرد اسیدسالیسیلیک و شوری

اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﺳﻴﺪﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﻮری در ﺟﻮ ﮔﺮدد، اﻣﺎ ﻫﻨﻮز اﺗﻔﺎق ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻠﻲ در ﻣﻮرد ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ روش و ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﻋﻤﺎل آن وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد. ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻳﻚ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه در داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزی داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻴﺮاز در ﺳﺎل 1393 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳﻴﺪﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺑﺬر،ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻲ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻛﺎﻣﻞ، ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﻲ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ و ﮔﻠﺪﻫﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﺎﺧﺴﺎره و رﻳﺸﻪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎی آﻧﺘﻲ اﻛﺴﻴﺪان ﺟﻮ رﻗﻢ رﻳﺤﺎن ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮری ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، 6 و 12 دﺳﻲزﻳﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮری، ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت آن، ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ در ﺷﺎﺧﺴﺎره و رﻳﺸﻪ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎی آﻧﺘﻲ اﻛﺴﻴﺪان ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪاز، ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻻز، آﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻴﻚ ﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪاز و ﺳﻮﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪدﻳﺴﻤﻮﺗﺎز ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮری ﻛﻪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮری ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ 147/4 درﺻﺪی ﺳﺪﻳﻢ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ 44/1 درﺻﺪی ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ وﺟﻮد، ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻲ اﺳﻴﺪﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات را ﺟﺒﺮان ﻛﻨﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ را اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻫﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﺎل ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻲ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﺳﺘﻘﺮارﻛﺎﻣﻞ، ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﻲ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ و ﮔﻠﺪﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ 72/7، 77/3، 22/7 و 18/2 درﺻﺪی ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ 37/8، 40/5، 27/0 و 13/5 درﺻﺪی ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮی ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﺳﻴﺪﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ در ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺑﺬر و ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ؛ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه آن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر اﺳﻴﺪﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اوﻟﻴﻪ رﺷﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮری ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮی اﻟﻘﺎ ﻛﻨﺪ.

Ions content and antioxidant response of barley to different methods of salicylic acid application under salinity conditions

Although it has been well known that salicylic acid (SA) can increase salinity tolerance in barley; there is no consensus on the best method and time of application. Thus, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design under controlled conditions was conducted at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University in 2014. In this research, the effect of SA at five levels: control (No SA), seed priming, foliar application at complete establishment, double ridges and anthesis was examined on grain yield, sodium (Na+ ) and potassium (K+ ) concentration in shoot and root as well as antioxidant enzymes activities of barley cv. Reyhane under three salt stress levels: control, 6 and 12 dS m 1. The results showed that salt stress, depended to its severity reduced Na+ and increased K+ in shoot and root and enhanced antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, catalase, ascorbic peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, so that the most severe salt stress caused 147.4% increase in Na+ and 44.1% reduction in K+ . Nevertheless, SA in priming and foliar application could compensate some of these changes and so increased grain yield. For example, seed priming and foliar application at complete establishment, double ridges and anthesis increased K+ by 72.7%, 77.3%, 22.7% and 18.2% and decreased Na+ by 37.8%, 40.5%, 27.0% and 13.5%, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that the highest positive effect f SA was observed in seed priming and foliar application at establishment, which showed that SA might induce more salt stress tolerance if applied at early growth stages.