بررسی رابطه سواد مالی و مزیت رقابتی در شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط (Smes) با تاکید بر استراتژی کاهش ریسک تجاری

هدف: هدف این مطالعه، بررسی نقش میانجی تصمیمات مالی، ساختار سرمایه و مدیریت ریسک بر رابطه بین سواد مالی و مزیت رقابتی در شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط است. روش: داده‌ها به روش میدانی و با استفاده از یک پرسشنامه استاندارد جمع‌آوری شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط در شهر یزد بوده و حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول معرفی‌شده برای مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد (سطح خطای 5 درصد)، حداقل 140 نمونه و در بهترین حالت 420 نمونه تعیین شده که در نهایت، 392 پرسشنامه تکمیل و با استفاده از روش مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری در نرم‌افزار pls تحلیل شده است. یافته‌ها: نتایج دلالت بر آن دارد که سواد مالی از کانال‌های مختلف شامل تصمیمات مالی، ساختار سرمایه و مدیریت ریسک منجر به تقویت مزیت رقابتی می‌شود. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج، به شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط پیشنهاد می‌شود که به سواد مالی مدیران و کارکنان شرکت توجه داشته باشند.

investigating the relationship between financial literacy and competitive advantage in small and medium enterprises (smes) with emphasis on business risk reduction strategy

objective: small and medium enterprises significantly lead to the improvement of economic and social systems and can make the economy stronger. small and medium-sized companies contribute more to economic growth than large companies because they can respond to changes faster. however, the most important problem for the growth and competitiveness of small and medium enterprises in some developed and developing countries is the financing problem. from the point of view of starting a business, financial literacy is the ability to properly examine financial resources in the business life cycle, which is directly related to products and services. financial literacy refers to the effectiveness of financial management decisions. financial literacy requires knowledge, skill, attitude, and experience, and its purpose is to maintain the life of the company, maximize profit, maximize sales, gain market share, minimize employee turnover, minimize internal conflict, and maximize shareholder wealth. financial literacy can be one of the strategic tools for optimal allocation of financial resources and financial strength of the company. financial literacy is the proper knowledge of personal financial facts and the main factor in personal financial management. competitive advantage is a situation that enables a company to offer higher quality products with higher efficiency and use superior methods and earn more profit in competition with competitors. paying attention to the four factors of superior performance, quality, innovation and customer response, which helps the company to create and maintain a competitive advantage, is very important. currently, due to the intensification of environmental complexity and competition, competitive advantage is either easily imitated by competitors or soon fades for customers. accordingly, companies should think of replacing new advantages. the main goal of the organization is to create a competitive advantage by relying on the resources and capabilities it has, competitiveness and achieving a privileged position in the market.the results of empirical research show that financial literacy affects the performance of companies. with such an approach, this research examines the relationship between financial literacy and competitive advantage in small and medium-sized companies.method: the current research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive and correlational in terms of method, and survey and cross-sectional in terms of data collection method, and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. the current research questionnaire consists of two sections: general questions and specialized questions. specialized questions include questions related to independent, mediating and dependent variables and include five dimensions of financial literacy, financial decisions, capital structure, risk management and competitive advantage. to measure the variables, the questionnaire taken from the study of nuhong et al. (2019) was used and financial literacy with 5 items, financial decisions with 3 items, capital structure with 3 items, risk management with 3 items and competitive advantage with 5 items were evaluated. the statistics of the research are made up of small and medium companies in yazd city, for sampling, a simple random sampling method was used, and to determine the sample size, quakran’s formula for structural equation modeling was used.findings: the results of the analysis of 392 supplementary questionnaires using structural equation modeling in pls software show that the mediating role of financial decisions, capital structure and risk management is accepted in the relationship between financial literacy and competitive advantage, and financial literacy comes from different channels including financial decisions, capital structure and risk management. it leads to the strengthening of competitive advantage. the results of the research are in line with the results of the studies of