بررسی تاثیر فناوری اطلاعات بر بهبود کارایی شرکت ها در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران

هدف: ظهور فناوری اطلاعات، منجر به تحولی عظیم در دنیای تجارت شده است، بااین‌حال نوع و میزان اثرگذاری فناوری اطلاعات و بخش‌های مختلف آن (سرمایه‌گذاری در سخت‌افزار، نرم‌افزار، شبکه، پایگاه‌داده و منابع انسانی)، بر کارایی شرکت‌ها‌، مشخص نیست؛ بر این ‌اساس، تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر فناوری اطلاعات و اجزای مختلف آن بر بهبود کارایی شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران صورت‌گرفته است.روش: داده‌های تحقیق از 41 شرکت‌ پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران طی دوره 5 ساله 1398-1394، انتخاب شده است. متغیر مستقل در این تحقیق فناوری اطلاعات و متغیر وابسته کارایی شرکت‌ها است که با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها، محاسبه شده و رابطه بین متغیرها با استفاده از روش پانل دیتا، مورد آزمون قرار گرفته است. یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد سرمایه‌گذاری در فناوری اطلاعات بر کارایی شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران تاثیر معنا‌داری دارد. همچنین در فرضیه‌های فرعی تاثیر سرمایه‌گذاری در سخت‌افزار، نرم‌افزار، پایگاه‌داده، شبکه و منابع انسانی بر کارایی، تایید شده است. نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج مشخص شد شرکت‌هایی که سرمایه‌گذاری بیشتری در فناوری اطلاعات داشته‌اند، از نرخ کارایی بالاتری برخوردار بوده‌اند.

investigating the impact of information technology on improving the efficiency of companies in tehran stock exchange

objective: the emergence of information technology has led to a huge transformation in the world of business. however, the type and degree of impact of information technology and its different parts onthe efficiency of companies is not known; efficiency in economics is a broad concept that is used to indicate the state of best possible performance and includes the minimum cost of producing goods or services, the maximum amount of production and the maximum market performance. (odonnell, 2018). recently, rapid technological developments have made companies use information technology to ensure their growth in order to survive in the business competition (fadhilah & subriadi, 2019). in iran, the importance of this technology in the field of industry, economy and trade has not been properly clarified for managers and capital owners. therefore, it is of great importance and necessity to conduct a research that shows the impact of the use of information technology on the efficiency of companies in a documented manner and using data from various companies at different times. also, information technology has different parts (hardware, software, database, network, human resources) that the use of each sector requires investment and spending the company's limited resources in those sectors. now, focusing on which part can have a greater effect on efficiency is also an issue that is addressed in the current research. therefore, the current research tries to address this issue by using econometric models and relying on real data. therefore, the main goal of the current research is to investigate the effect of information technology on the efficiency of companies admitted to the tehran stock exchange, and based on this, the main and sub-hypotheses of the current research are proposed as follows: information technology has a significant impact on the efficiency of companies. investment in hardware, investment in software, investment in database, investment in network and investment in skilled human resources have a significant impact on the efficiency of companies. method: the current research aims to investigate the impact of information technology on improving the efficiency of companies with an analytical-applicative approach. the statistical population of this study includes companies admitted to the tehran stock exchange during the 5-year period from 2014 to 2019. and the research sample is the data of 41 companies that were selected using the systematic elimination sampling method. the variables examined in this research include the dependent of the companys efficiency information technology in five areas:hardwared )hardware-invi,(, software (software-invij), network and communication facilities (network-invij), database (database-invij) and investment in skilled human resources (humanresources-invij), company size and risk. the method used in this research (in order to investigate the relationship between independent and dependent variables) is the pooled data model. in order to estimate the model, we first use limer's f statistic to determine the presence or absence of width from separate origins for each section (using the methods of combined regression patterns and panel data pattern); if the combined regression models are not confirmed, the hausman test is performed in order to use one of the fixed effects model and the random effects model for estimation. the models investigated in the current research are derived from the model (fadhila and sobriadi, 2019). results: the findings of the research indicate that information technology and its components have a positive effect on improving the efficiency of companies admitted to the tehran stock exchange. in this equation, the role of the controlling variable of company size is also confirmed. in fact, information technology can increase the efficiency of companies by investing in five sectors: hardware, software, database, network,