تاثیر توانمندی تامین‌کنندگان در توالی فعالیت‌های پروژۀ توسعۀ محصول پیچیده

تعیین توالی فعالیت‌های طراحی و توسعۀ یک محصول پیچیده، همواره امری چالش‌برانگیز در مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی آن بوده است. وجود فعالیت‌های مختلف با وابستگی اطلاعاتی، زمان و هزینۀ گوناگون، به‌خوبی لزوم ارائۀ یک روش قدرتمند را برای تعیین توالی بهینۀ فعالیت‌ها‌ نشان می‌دهد. با توجه به اینکه ممکن است هر‌یک از فعالیت‌های طراحی و توسعۀ یک محصول پیچیده از سوی تامین‌کنندگان متعدد، با توانمندی‌های مختلف امکان انجام داشته باشد، انتخاب تامین‌کنندۀ مناسب برای هر فعالیت، در تعیین توالی فعالیت‌ها نقش دارد. به همین منظور، یک مدل چندهدفه برای تعیین توالی فعالیت‌ها با لحاظ‌کردن توانمندی تامین‌کننده‌ها و با توجه به وضعیت مالی پروژه ارائه شده است. برای تبدیل مدل برنامه‌ریزی چندهدفه به مدلی تک‌هدفه، از روش محدودیت اپسیلون تقویت‌شده استفاده شده است. به‌علت اختلال در پارامتر زمانِ در دسترس هر دوره، مسئله دارای عدم قطعیت است و سناریوهای مختلفی وجود دارد. نظر به اینکه روش بهینه‌سازی استوار برای مقابله با ریسک عدم قطعیت کاربرد دارد، در پژوهش حاضر از آن استفاده شده است. در‌نهایت، کارایی مدل پیشنهادی از‌طریق پیاده‌سازی آن در مطالعۀ موردی طراحی و توسعۀ توربین گازی بررسی‌ و ارزیابی‌های لازم برای اعتبارسنجی این مدل در رابطه با نتایج موجود و بهینۀ معتبر انجام شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد در نظر گرفتن توانمندی تامین‌کنندگان در انتخاب آنها، مقدار تابع هدف بازخورد را به میزان درخور توجهی کاهش می‌دهد که این خود به معنای کاهش دوباره‌کاری ناشی از برون‌سپاری فعالیت‌ها و در‌نتیجه کاهش زمان و هزینۀ پروژه خواهد بود.

the impact of suppliers’ capabilities on the sequence of activities in complex product development projects

purpose: this study aims to develop a robust model for sequencing activities in the design and development of complex products while considering supplier capabilities. given the intricate nature of product development and the interdependencies among various design activities, optimizing the sequence of these activities is essential for enhancing project efficiency and minimizing redundancies. this study seeks to bridge the gap between supply chain management and product development, addressing an under-researched area where supplier capabilities significantly impact project outcomes.design/methodology/approach: this research employs a quantitative and applied methodology, utilizing mathematical modeling and multi-objective optimization techniques to tackle the problem of activity sequencing. a comprehensive literature review informs the development of a theoretical framework to identify critical parameters influencing supplier selection and activity sequencing. the study incorporates uncertainty factors, particularly time constraints, by applying an epsilon-constraint method to transform the multi-objective optimization model into a single-objective one. data for the research is collected through structured interviews and questionnaires directed at industry experts, ensuring the model’s practical applicability and relevance.findings: the results indicate that integrating supplier capabilities into the selection process significantly minimizes feedback loops in activity sequences, which consequently reduces the amount of rework and overall project costs. the model was applied in a case study focused on gas turbine development, demonstrating its effectiveness in optimizing project timelines and budgets. the findings highlight the importance of choosing suppliers based on their competencies and the potential for mitigating project risks linked to information feedback among interconnected activities.research limitations/implications: while the model offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the relationship between supplier capabilities and activity sequencing, certain limitations must be recognized. the model’s applicability may differ across various industries and project types, and further research is recommended to validate the model in diverse contexts. additionally, the study acknowledges possible biases in the expert interviews and suggests future studies incorporate a broader range of data sources for a more comprehensive analysis.practical implications: the implications of this research for practice are significant. by implementing the proposed model, project managers can improve decision-making processes related to supplier selection and activity scheduling. this can result in shorter project durations and reduced costs while enhancing product quality and reliability. the model’s framework can assist organizations in aligning supplier capabilities with project requirements, promoting more efficient collaboration within supply chains. overall, this research contributes to improved resource management practices in complex product development scenarios.social implications: the societal impacts of this research are significant. by optimizing the design and development processes of complex products, businesses can promote more sustainable manufacturing practices and produce higher quality products. enhanced collaboration among suppliers and project teams can stimulate innovation and positively influence industry standards. furthermore, addressing supplier capabilities can strengthen the overall resilience of the supply chain, which is especially pertinent in today’s dynamic market environments prone to disruptions. additionally, by focusing on supplier capabilities and improving the overall efficiency of product development processes, this research advocates for the adoption of best practices and ethical standards within supply chains. as companies aim to collaborate with suppliers who meet specific competency benchmarks, this can lead to improved working conditions, fair labor practices, and responsible sourcing. ultimately, such initiatives not only bolster the economic stability of communities but also promote social equity by creating opportunities for local suppliers and fostering inclusive growth within the industry.originality/value: this article introduces a novel approach to integrating supplier capabilities into the activity sequencing of complex product development. it offers valuable insights for both practitioners and researchers, highlighting the importance of supplier selection in project success. the originality of this study lies in its comprehensive model that considers both the technical and relational aspects of supplier engagement, thus providing a fresh perspective on the intersection of supply chain management and product development.