شناسایی و اولویت بندی شاخص های مدیریت زیست‌بوم با استفاده از رویکردهای دلفی فازی و دیمتل فازی

بررسی شرایط امروزی محیط‌زیست، نشان می‌دهد در ‌دهه‌های اخیر، کرۀ زمین به‌علت اقدامات مختلف بشر دچار زیان‌های جبرانی‌ناشدنی شده ‌است. برای بیان اهداف مدیریت زیست‌بوم، لازم است شاخص‌های آن تعریف شود. هدف مدیریت زیست‌بوم، به‌عنوان یک پدیدۀ چندبعدی، ادغام خرده‌سیستم‌های اقتصادی، محیط‌زیستی، اجتماعی و نهادی در یک کل، با مراقبت از تاثیر و تعامل متقابل آنهاست. بر این اساس، در این پژوهش، ابتدا با بررسی پیشینۀ تحقیق به‌منظور شناسایی شاخص‌های موثر بر هریک از ارکان مدیریت زیست‌بوم، فهرستی از شاخص‌های تاثیرگذار و پراهمیت در هریک از ارکان اقتصادی- اجتماعی، زیست‌محیطی و نهادی مدیریت زیست‌بوم تعیین می‎‍شود. پس از دسته‌بندی اولیه، دو پرسش‌نامه طراحی شده ‌است: یک پرسش‌نامۀ طیفی برای ارزیابی شاخص‌های موثر بر مدیریت زیست‌بوم با روش دلفی فازی و یک پرسش‌نامه با استفاده از مقایسات زوجی میان چهار رکن اصلی مدیریت زیست‌بوم، با استفاده از تکنیک دیمتل فازی برای دستیابی به تحلیل دقیق‌تر در بررسی روابط علت و معلولی بین هریک از ارکان که خبرگان و متخصصان، آنها را تکمیل کرده‌اند. درنهایت، تحلیل‌ها نشان داد ارکان نهادی و اقتصادی به‌عنوان متغیرهای عامل و ارکان بسیار تاثیرگذار در نظر گرفته می‌شوند. همچنین، معلوم شد که ارکان محیطی و اجتماعی، یک اثر در نظر گرفته می‌شوند؛ درنتیجه، خبرگان شاخص علم و فناوری را در رکن اقتصادی، کیفیت هوا را در رکن زیست‌محیطی، فقر را در رکن اجتماعی و به اشتراک‌گذاری شفاف اطلاعات را در رکن نهادی، به‌عنوان تاثیرگذارترین شاخص‌های مدیریت زیست‌بوم رتبه‌بندی کردند.

identifying and prioritizing ecosystem indicatorsusing fuzzy delphi and fuzzy dematel approaches

purpose: this paper aims to propose an approach for identifying and prioritizing ecosystem indicators for effective ecosystem management. specifically, fuzzy delphi and fuzzy dematel approaches are used to define ecosystem management goals and indicators, rank the importance of quality attributes in ecosystem management, and rank the effectiveness of each indicator in each pillar of ecosystem management. the ultimate goal is to provide a tool to decision-makers that can help in allocating resources more effectively and efficiently toward achieving sustainability.design/methodology/approach: the proposed approach involves a three-phase framework. phase 1 involves identifying and determining the indicators affecting ecosystem management. this has been performed by studying theoretical articles, reviewing systematic literature, and searching previous studies to identify different indicators for each pillar of ecosystem management. a list of indicators and factors affecting each of the pillars of ecosystem management has been determined accordingly, and an initial categorization has been created using library studies. phase 2 involves using a fuzzy delphi method to rank the most important indicators in each pillar of ecosystem management. experts have been asked to indicate their proposed indicators in a questionnaire based on fuzzy variables, and the degree of proportionality of the proposed factors. phase 3 involves using a fuzzy dematel approach to rank the effectiveness of each indicator in each pillar of ecosystem management. this approach handles imprecise or subjective data and can be replicated for different cities. overall, this methodology aims to provide a comprehensive approach for identifying and prioritizing ecosystem indicators that can be used by decision-makers in environmental management and policy-making.findings: findings imply that the integrated approach of the fuzzy delphi method and the fuzzy dematel can be used to identify and rank the importance of quality attributes in ecosystem management, and to rank the effectiveness of each indicator in each pillar of the ecosystem management. a total of 36 indicators were identified across four pillars of ecosystem management, i.e., economic, social, environmental and institutional. the results indicated that the most important indicators for each pillar were science and technology and innovation for the economic pillar; air quality, waste treatment and energy efficiency for the environmental pillar; poverty, health, and safety and security for the social pillar; and transparent sharing of information and political stability for institutional pillar. it was also found that there was a strong interrelationship between different pillars of ecosystem management. for example, the institutional pillar had serious effects on most of the other identified em pillars. in addition, the economic pillar was the second most influential factor. moreover, the institutional pillar profoundly influenced the environmental pillar. finally, the economic pillar highly affected the environmental pillar, which doubled the complexity of ecosystem management.research limitations/implications: several limitations and implications have been addressed for future research. the number of participating experts was limited, which could affect the results and limit the possibility of their summarization. expert bias may have influenced the results of the study. such limitations imply that further research with a larger and more diverse group of experts is necessary to validate and expand upon such findings. this study was limited in scope to a particular ecosystem or region and the identified indicators as a result may not apply and be generalizable to other ecosystems or regions. based on the cause-and-effect relationships between the studied elements, a hypothesis can be expanded and validated using a larger sample.