effect of eight weeks of vitamin d consumption and exercise in water on liver enzymes and mental health of women with type 2 diabetes

Background: several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between vitamin d deficiency and abnormal liver enzyme levels and type 2 diabetes (t2d) with inconsistent conclusions. objectives: the current research aims to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of vitamin d consumption alongside exercise in water on liver enzymes and the mental health of women with type 2 diabetes. methods: forty women with type 2 diabetes aged 40 to 60 were divided into four groups of 10 subjects: (1) exercise in water and vitamin d supplementation, (2) exercise in water, (3) vitamin d supplementation, and (4) control group. the water exercise group performed three exercise sessions per week for eight weeks (borg scale of 14), and vitamin d supplementation groups consumed 50,000 (iu) vitamin d every week. liver enzymes and mental health (beck's stress and anxiety (bai) questionnaire (21 questions, alpha cronbach 0.92) and depression (bdi-ii) questionnaires (21 questions, alpha cronbach 0.87)) were administered before and after eight weeks of training. the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by spss software version 21. kolmogorov-smirnov test and one-way analysis of variance and paired t-test were used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05. results: aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase decreased significantly after eight weeks in the vitamin d + water exercise and water exercise groups (p < 0.05). moreover, depression and stress scores significantly decreased after the intervention in the vitamin d + water exercise and water exercise groups (p < 0.05). conclusions: the findings demonstrated that exercise in water plus vitamin d consumption improved anthropometric indices and liver enzymes and alleviated depression and stress in patients with type 2 diabetes. these two interventions can be combined to reduce type 2 diabetes complications.