The Effect of Nano-Titanium Dioxide on Limb Bud Development of Nmri Mouse Embryo in Vivo

Objective: there is a wide application of titanium dioxide (tio2) nanoparticles (nps) inindustry. these particles are used in various products, and they also has biological effectson cells and organs through direct contact.materials and methods: in this experimental research, the effect of tio2 on chondrogenesisof forelimb buds of mice embryos was assessed in in vivo condition. concentrationsof 30, 150 and 500 mg/kg body weight (bw) tio2 nps (20 nm size) dissolved in distilledwater were injected intraperitoneally to naval medical research institute (nmri) mice onday 11.5 of gestation. on day 15, limb buds were amputated from the embryos and skeletogeneisof limb buds were studied.results: tio2 nps caused the significant changes in chondrocytes in the following developmentalstages: resting, proliferating, hypertrophy, degenerating, perichondrium andmesenchymal cells. decreased number of mesenchymal cells and increased level ofchondrocytes were observed after the injection of different concentrations of tio2, whichproves the unpredictable effects of tio2 on limb buds.conclusion: results of the present study showed tio2 nps accelerated the chondrogenesisof limb buds, but further studies are recommended to predict tio2 toxicity effects onorganogenesis.