mac-1 alongside platelet-monocyte aggregates as potential markers in acute coronary syndrome: a case-control study

Objective: cardiovascular diseases (cvds) are the leading cause of death worldwide, with atherosclerosis servingas a primary factor in their development. platelets, leukocytes, and their interactions play a crucial role ininitiating and amplifying atherosclerosis. this study aims to evaluate the levels of platelet-monocyte aggregates (pma) and specific integrins involved in leukocyte recruitment, including macrophage-1 antigen (mac-1) and lymphocytefunction-associated antigen-1 (lfa-1), in patients with acute coronary syndrome (acs).materials and methods: in this case-control study, thirty-two subjects with acs and 30 healthy individuals participated.it aimed to evaluate pma expression and the median fluorescence intensity (mfi) of mac-1 and lfa-1 using flowcytometry. dot plots and pearson correlation coefficient were employed to examine the relationship between pma, mac-1, and lfa-1. multilevel model analysis was used to explore the effects and relationships of various parameters,including mac-1 and lfa-1, on pma. finally, receiver operating characteristic (roc) curves were utilized to assessthe diagnostic accuracy of pma, mac-1, and lfa-1 markers.results: it was observed that patients had higher pma levels compared to the control group (58.99 ± 16.27 vs.29.99 ± 4.19 in controls, p<0.001), which correlated with plt (ρ=0.512, p=0.035). additionally, cd18 and cd11bexpression on monocytes were significantly elevated in patients (p<0.001) and were positively associated with pma(β=19.09, p<0.001; β=6.90, p=0.022), but no significant relationship between cd11a and pma was observed (β=5.06,p=0.315). pma and mac-1 were identified as better markers for differentiating patients from healthy individuals.(respectively, auc=0.94, sensitivity= 0.84, specificity=0.98; auc=0.84, sensitivity= 0.93, specificity=0.70).conclusion: the study results indicated an increase in both mac-1 and pma levels in patients with acs. additionally,the significant association observed between mac-1 and pma in the patient group suggests a potential relationshipbetween these markers and acs.