itaconic acid as a differential transcription regulator of apoptosis and autophagy pathways genes: a rat adipose mesenchymal stem cells model

Objective: itaconate, a novel regulatory immunometabolite, is synthesized by inflammatory macrophage. it acts as an anti-inflammatory mediator and regulates several metabolic and signaling pathways particularly nrf2 pathway. the immunometabolites can affect the stemness potency, differentiation ability and viability of stem cells, but little is known about the critical function of itaconate on the stem cell fate. the objective of the present study was to determine the regulatory effects of itaconic acid on the cell viability and transcription of apoptosis and autophagy pathways genes in the rat adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (admscs). materials and methods: in this experimental study, the admscs were incubated with 125 μm and 250 μm dimethyl itaconate (dmi) for 24 hours or 48 hours. the expression of apoptosis pathway genes (bax, bcl2, caspase 3, fas, fadd and caspase 8) and autophagy pathway genes (atg12, atg5, beclin, lc3b and p62) were determined using real time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. using the elisa method, cellular level of phospho-nrf2 protein was measured. results: the results indicated that dmi increased the expression of nrf2 protein, altered the expression of some apoptosis genes (fadd, bax and bcl2), and changed the expression of some autophagy related genes (lc3b, becline and p62) in admscs. dmi had no obvious effect on the transcription of caspases enzymes. conclusion: because autophagy activation and apoptosis suppression can protect stem cells against environmental stress, it seems itaconate can affect the functions and viability of admscs via converse regulation of these pathways.