New synthetic grounded FDNR with electronic controllability employing cascaded VDCCs and grounded passive elements

This research article proposes a synthetic ground connected frequency-dependent negative resistance (fdnr) simulator with electronic tuning facility. the presented simulator is realized by using two voltage differencing current conveyors (vdccs) along with three grounded passive components (one resistance and two capacitances). due to use of all grounded passive element,this circuit is suitable for ic integration. the negative resistance offered by proposed simulator circuit can be control by varying the bias currents of used vdccs. the presented circuit configuration simulates pure fdnr with no need to meet any passive component matching condition. the behavior of designed synthetic fdnr circuit in non-ideal environment is found not deviated from the ideal behavior with low active and passive sensitivity indexes. to find the behavior of presented circuit at high frequencies,the parasitic analysis has been carried out considering the terminal parasitics employed vdccs. the usability of realized synthetic fdnr is validated by constructing second order low-pass,band-pass and band-reject filters. to verify the mathematical analysis,the presented configuration is simulated under pspice simulation environment.