پیش‌بینی اضطراب سلامتی از طریق مسیر ترس از کووید-19، روان‌رنجوری، نظام بازداری رفتاری و راهبردهای منفی نظم‌جویی شناختی هیجان

هدف: هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطۀ بین ترس از کووید-19 و اضطراب سلامتی با میانجی‌گری روان‌رنجوری، نظام بازداری رفتاری و راهبردهای منفی نظم‌جویی شناختی هیجان بود. روش: پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ روش، از نوع توصیفی و از نوع مطالعات همبستگی و از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی بود. جامعۀ پژوهش را افراد رده سنی بین 18 تا 60 سال شهر مشهد در سال 1400-1401 شامل شدند که از بین آن‌ها به صورت روش نمونه‌گیری بلوکه‌بندی و در دسترس، 450 نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای این پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه ترس از کووید-19 (2020)، پرسشنامۀ اضطراب سلامتی (1989)، پرسشنامۀ نظم‌جویی شناختی هیجان (2010)، مقیاس نظام‌های فعال‌سازی و بازداری رفتاری (1994) و فرم کوتاه پرسشنامه 5 عاملی شخصیت نئو (1992) بود. روش تحلیل این پژوهش، تحلیل مسیر بود که با استفاده از آن مسیر پیش‌بینی متغیرهای پژوهش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که ارتباط ترس از کووید-19 چه به صورت مستقیم و چه به صورت غیرمستقیم به واسطۀ روان‌رنجوری، نظام بازداری رفتاری و استفاده از راهبردهای منفی نظم‌جویی هیجان قادر به پیش‌بینی اضطراب سلامتی بود. می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که در دوران کووید-19 روان‌رنجوری، نظام بازداری رفتاری و به تبع آن‌ها، مهارت نظم‌جویی هیجان نقشی کلیدی در میزان اضطراب سلامتی افراد دارد.

predicting health anxiety through the fear of covid-19, neuroticism, behavioral inhibition system, and negative emotion regulation strategies

introduction: the global covid-19 pandemic has undoubtedly led to a turbulent and gloomy psychological environment characterized by increasing existential threats and mortality and health related anxiety.health anxiety manifests itself as excessive worry when health is threatened. this type of anxiety is defined by people's misinterpretation of physical sensations, such as viral infections, and their tendency to attribute these symptoms to a medical illness. an increase in health anxiety has been observed in those who have a fear of contracting the covid-19 virus, and this fear is due to the disease being ambiguous and unknown. research has shown that health anxiety is a common psychological reaction caused by the fear of contracting the covid-19 disease. another factor that has been able to predict health anxiety in the era of covid-19 is the trait of neuroticism. research has shown that in the stressful conditions of covid-19 pandemic, people experience this trait more due to the fear of contracting this disease. another component predicting the level of health anxiety is the level of arousal of the behavioral inhibition system. a high level of activity of this system during the covid-19 era, has led to the experience of a high level of health anxiety in people. by creating an emotional and cognitive bias, the extreme activity of this system leads to the use of strategies such as excessive suppression and avoidance of factors related to this virus. therefore, it causes people to experience a high level of health anxiety. all these strategies for dealing with health anxiety are strategies that people use to regulate their emotions. correctly using these strategies means that people can moderate and manage negative or unwanted experiences and effectively control their intense emotions. the results of previous studies have shown that during stressful situations, such as the covid-19 pandemic, negative emotion regulation strategies may include misinterpretation of physical symptoms due to inefficiency in correctly identifying and understanding emotional experiences and adjusting and managing them. therefore, people may interpret their physical feelings as signs of a medical disease, which brings about anxiety.accordingly, considering the consequences of covid-19-relatedfear the need for more studies on personality traits and behavioral inhibition systems predicting health anxiety and coping strategies is felt.method: this study was approved by the ethics committee of the ferdowsi university of mashhad with the ethics code ir.um.rec.1400.101. the present study's design was descriptive-correlational and of the path analysis type. the statistical population of this study included iranian adults, of whom 450 individuals were selected using the available sampling method. data were collected using the health anxiety questionnaire, the fear of covid-19 scale, the behavioral activation and inhibition scale, the persian short form of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, and the neo five-factor inventory. pearson correlation method, multiple regression, and path analysis were used for data analysis.data for this study were collected from all interested adults who volunteered via an online questionnaire. data were analyzed using spss version 26 and amos version 24 programs. to maintain the principle of confidentiality, the information obtained from the questionnaires was collected without the subjects' names and addresses so that the subjects' identity was preserved and accessible only to those involved in this research.results: among the 450 people in the sample of this research, 45.9% were men, and 54.1% were women. 86.7% were single, and 13.3% were married. the mean and standard deviation of age were 26.92 and 10.27, respectively. regarding education status, 2.3% had a post-diploma, 66.1% had a bachelor's degree, 27.1% had a master's degree, and 4.5% had a doctoral degree.as can be seen in table 1, there is a significant relationship between fear of covid-19, neuroticism, behavioral inhibition system and cognitive emotion regulation strategies with health anxiety (total score) at the level of 0.01. also, the highest correlation was between the fear of covid-19 and health anxiety (p < 0.01, r = 0.42) and the lowest correlation was related to the positive strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion and health anxiety (p < 0.01, 0.17). - =r). in order to test the desired model, i.e. to investigate the mediating role of neuroticism variables, behavioral inhibition system and cognitive emotion regulation strategies, the path analysis method was used. the measurement parameters of direct relationships are presented in table 2. also, as table 3 shows, except for the path of positive emotion regulation strategies to health anxiety, the direct effects of other paths are all significant. in order to estimate the significance of the indirect path, bootstrap was used in amos software, the results of which are presented in table 3. as shown in table 4, the path of fear of covid-19 to health anxiety with the mediation of neuroticism, behavioral inhibition system and negative strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion (0.12), is significant at a level smaller than 0.05. given that zero is outside these confidence intervals, these mediating relationships are significant. the path of fear of covid-19 to health anxiety with the mediation of neuroticism, behavioral inhibition system and positive strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion (p=0.59) and the path of behavioral inhibition system in the relationship of neuroticism to positive strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion (p=0.63), was not significant. in addition, the mediating role of neuroticism in the relationship between fear of covid-19 and the behavioral inhibition system (0.12), the mediating role of the behavioral inhibition system in the relationship between neuroticism and negative strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion (0.06), the mediating role of negative strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion in the relationship between behavioral inhibition system and health anxiety (0.02) were significant. figure 1 shows the research model.