مقایسه اثربخشی درمان هیجان‌مدار و طرحواره‌درمانی براحساس تنهایی و طلاق عاطفی زنان نابارور

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی درمان هیجان‌مدار و طرحواره‌درمانی بر احساس تنهایی و طلاق عاطفی زنان نابارور انجام پذیرفت. روش پژوهش: روش پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی بود که با دو گروه آزمایش، طرح پیش‌آزمون – پس‌آزمون و یک گروه کنترل اجرا شد. جامعه آماری، شامل کلیه زنان متاهلی بود که دچار مشکل ناباروری بودند و به مرکز ناباروری میلاد مشهد در زمستان 1400 مراجعه کرده بودند. 45 نفر به صورت دردسترس انتخاب شدند و در 3گروه 15 نفری به روش تصادفی جایگزین شدند. ابزار مورد استفاده در این پژوهش پرسشنامه احساس تنهایی (ucla) و پرسشنامه طلاق عاطفی (eds) در پیش‌آزمون پاسخ دادند. سپس گروه‌های آزمایش در هشت جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای، با درمان هیجان‌مدار و طرحواره‌درمانی اجرا شد. گروه کنترل هیچ مداخله‌ای را دریافت نکردند. بعد از اتمام جلسات پس‌آزمون اجرا شد. داده‌ها با استفاده نرم‌افزار 26spss- و روش تحلیل واریانس مکرر بررسی شدند.یافته‌ها: تحقیق نشان داد که در مراحل پس‌آزمون و پیگیری بین گروه‌های آزمایش، درمان هیجان‌مدار و طرحواره‌درمانی با گروه کنترل تفاوت معنادار وجود دارد(0/001>p). نتایج نشان داد اثربخشی رویکرد طرحواره درمانی نسبت به هیجان‌مدار تاثیر بیشتری براحساس تنهایی و طلاق عاطفی زنان داشته است.

comparing the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and schema therapy on feelings of loneliness and emotional divorce of infertile women

introduction: infertility is a prevalent issue globally, affecting up to 20% of couples (nguyen, 2014; sadock & sadock, 2007). the world health organization (who) reports that over 80 million couples (approximately 10%) worldwide are affected by infertility. according to various results, more than three million iranian couples (13-15%) are infertile. the experience of infertility is not merely a physiological failure; it also encompasses psychological and social dimensions. these dimensions give rise to a plethora of psychological consequences, including a reduction in intimate relationships, unpleasant feelings such as loneliness and dissatisfaction, and emotional divorce in relationships between spouses. additionally, there are numerous other issues that arise as a result of infertility. however, these issues have a greater impact on women in society.the social construction of infertility as a female problem, regardless of the underlying cause, leads to women experiencing greater familial and social challenges than men. furthermore, they are more susceptible to psychological distress. if the early maladaptive schemas, as well as the primary and secondary emotions and unexpressed emotional needs of infertile women are not resolved and do not lead to a positive solution, it can result in significant distress and tension in their lives. early maladaptive schemas are self-damaging emotional and cognitive patterns that form in the mind during early stages of growth and development and recur throughout the lifespan (young, 1999; hamidpour & andoz, 2013). given the dearth of research on psychological and family issues related to infertility such as loneliness and emotional divorce, the present study was designed to contribute to this field by comparing the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and schema therapy on the feeling of loneliness and emotional divorce among infertile women.method: this semi-experimental research employed a pre-post-test design with a control group. the initial stage of the study involved the administration of a pre-test to all three experimental and control groups. the statistical population of this research encompasses all women who have been diagnosed with infertility and visited the milad infertility center of mashhad. the research sample was selected from a total of 45 women using a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. following the decline in the experimental group, the remaining groups were reduced to a total of 12 participants. the following tools were utilized in the course of this research: the loneliness questionnaire developed by russell, et al. (1980) that comprises 20 items presented in a multiple-choice format, with 10 negative and 10 positive sentences and the gottman’s emotional divorce scale developed by gottman (1998) that includes 24 items scored as yes and no. group training was conducted using the emotion-focused therapy protocol developed by johnson and greenberg (2005) for the first experimental group, comprising eight 90-minute sessions. the second experimental group underwent training using young's schema therapy protocol (young, 2006), also comprising eight 90-minute sessions. the control group did not receive any intervention.findings: the findings of the study indicated that the mean and standard deviation of the feeling of loneliness of infertile women according to the study groups were 51.19 and 3.285 in the pre-test, 47.92 and 2.832 in the post-test, and 47.47 and 3.22 in the follow-up. to investigate and test the primary hypothesis, a two-factor anova with repeated measures (mixed) was employed. the results of the repeated measures anova indicated that the interaction between group and time had a significant effect on the dependent variables including the feeling of loneliness and emotional divorce among infertile women. a comparison of the emotion-focused therapy and the schema-therapy revealed that the schema-therapy demonstrated greater efficacy and effect size for the variable of loneliness feeling than the emotion-focused therapy. the effect size for the schema-therapy approach was 64%, while the effect size for the emotion- focused therapy was 51%. the results of bonferroni post hoc test indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in the emotional divorce variable between the study groups (emotion-focused therapy, schema-therapy, and control) in the pre-test stage. however, in the post-test and follow-up stages, there was a statistically significant difference between the emotion- focused therapy and the schema-therapy groups compared to the control group.discussion and conclusion: the objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and schema therapy on the feeling of loneliness and emotional divorce among infertile women. the findings align with those presented by suleimanabadi and suleimanabadi (2021). the results of the study demonstrated that the emotion-focused therapy is an effective method for reducing the feeling of loneliness among infertile women. with regard to the efficacy of emotion-focused therapy in alleviating feelings of loneliness among infertile couples, it is important to note that one of the primary objectives of the emotion-focused therapy is to facilitate a transition from an insecure attachment style to a secure attachment style. the formation of emotional contact is contingent upon the availability and responsiveness. in comparing the effectiveness of the two approaches, it was found that schema therapy is more efficacious in reducing the feeling of loneliness and emotional divorce. given that primary schemas encompass individuals' thoughts and beliefs about themselves, others, and the environment, which are shaped by unmet basic needs, particularly emotional needs (bach, et al., 2018), cognitive schemas and beliefs exert a significant influence on the course of a marital relationship. the presence of high levels of irrational beliefs and inflexible thoughts in one or both spouses have been identified as a significant predictor of declining marital satisfaction (aliss, 1985; hoseinzade, et al., 2021).