شخصیت عباس‌بن ‌عبدالمطلب و تاثیر گفتمان سیاسی عباسیان بر شکل گیری آن

عباس‌بن عبدالمطلب صحابی و عموی پیامبر(ص) است. وجود روایات متعارض در منابع روایی، رجالی و تاریخی دربارۀ او و جایگاهش به عنوان نیای خاندان عباسی که سرآغاز آن با تدوین منابع اسلامی مقارن و حاکمیتشان به سبب مناقشات با علویان با بحران مشروعیت مواجه بود، لزوم بررسی شکل‎گیری شخصیت رجالی وی از منظر تاثیر گفتمان سیاسی نوادگان وی را نمایان می‎سازد. این پژوهش به روش تحلیل تاریخی و با بهره‎گیری از منابع روایی، رجالی و تاریخی، نشان می‎دهد عباس تا فتح مکه مسلمان نشد و روایات مربوط به مدح وی و بزرگداشت معنوی او و خاندانش قابل اعتنا نیست. شخصیت تاریخی وی در سایۀ نیاز حکومت عباسیان به مشروعیت، در دو مرحله شکل گرفته است؛ نخست ناگزیر به همسونمایی با علویان بودند، اما در پی قیام حسنیان و بروز بحران مشروعیت، با تمسک به نظریۀ وراثت اعمام، به سلسلۀ امامت عباسی و بزرگداشت مهره‎های آن از جمله عباس پرداخته‎اند.

the personality of abbas bin abd al-muttalib andthe influence of abbasid political discourse on its formation

abbas bin abdul muttalib was a companion and uncle of the prophet (pbuh). there are conflicting narratives about him in historical sources. he was the ancestor of the abbasid dynasty and the beginning of the abbasid empire coincided with the compilation of islamic sources. at that time, they had disputes with the alawites, which arose from the crisis of the legitimacy of their government. these cases show that it is necessary to examine how the character of abbas was formed in historical and narrative sources and how the political discourse of the abbasids influenced this process. this research has been conducted by historical analysis method and using narrative, rijal and historical sources. the finding is that abbas did not become a muslim until the conquest of mecca, and the narratives that praise him and show spiritual dignity for him and his family must be disregarded. actually, his character was formed during two stages under the influence of the abbasid government’s need for legitimacy. in the first stage, the abbasids aligned themselves with the alawites to legitimize their rule. however, after uprising of descendants of imam hassan, the legitimacy of their government faced a crisis. therefore, in order to solve the problem, they had to pretend that after the prophet, abbas, who was his uncle, inherited the caliphate from the prophet by proposing the theory that the inheritance goes from an individual to his uncles. moreover, in order to justify the character of abbas, they honored him through praise quotes.