is there any correlation between pulmonary and coronary involvement in diabetic patients?

Background: diabetes is a major global health issue, affecting over 8.5% of adults worldwide and significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (cvds). however, the association between diabetes-related macrovascular complications, such as coronary artery disease (cad), and pulmonary function remains unclear. objectives: the present study was designed to investigate the association between obstructive and restrictive lung patterns and the severity of coronary artery involvement. methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted at shahid beheshti hospital, qom, iran, between april 2019 and august 2021. a total of 211 diabetic patients who underwent coronary angiography (cag) were selected. they were divided into two groups: sixty-nine patients in group 1 (non-significant cad) and 142 patients in group 2 (significant cad). spirometry was performed to assess forced expiratory volume (fev), forced vital capacity (fvc), and fev/fvc ratio, with values adjusted for age and sex in the two groups. results: among the 211 participants, 142 (67.3%) exhibited significant coronary artery involvement. comparative analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in spirometric parameters [forced expiratory volume in one second (fev1), fvc, fev1/fvc ratio] between the groups. notably, advancing age demonstrated a significant negative correlation with both fef50% (β = -0.32, p < 0.01) and fvc values (β = -0.28, p < 0.05). multivariate regression analysis identified inverse relationships between age and peak expiratory flow (pef; β = -0.41, p < 0.001), hba1c levels and pef (β = -0.23, p < 0.05). additionally, sex emerged as a significant modifier of %fev1/fvc (β = 0.19, p < 0.05), with female participants showing lower ratios. conclusions: this study failed to find an association between spirometry findings and coronary artery involvement. however, a significant relationship between small airway involvement and glycemic control was observed.