the effect of plant growth regulators on callus induction and regeneration in three chrysanthemum (chrysanthemum grandiflorum ramat) cultivars under in vitro culture condition

Chrysanthemums are known as one of the top three flowers in the floriculture industry. this ornamental plant is traditionally propagated by cuttings. the use of in vitro subculture is expanding for plants like chrysanthemums that are propagated by asexual methods. this research evaluated the effect of plant growth regulators on callus induction and regeneration in three chrysanthemum cultivars including ‘bonfire yellow’, ‘rambla’, and ‘bella rosa’. for callus generation, the leaf explants were cultivated in the murashige and skoog (ms) culture medium modified with with benzyl adenine (1, 2, or 3 mg/l ba) and naphthaleneacetic acid (0.5 or 1 mg/l naa) in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design. the highest rate of regeneration of ‘bonfire yellow’(31.25%), ‘rambla’(25%), and ‘bella rosa’ (31.25%) were obtained from the culture media containing 2 mg/l ba + 1 mg/l naa, 1 mg/l ba + 1 mg/l naa, and 3 mg/l ba + 0.5 mg/l naa, respectively.