عوامل اقتصادی و جمعیت شناختی موثر بر مشارکت اقتصادی زنان روستایی در استان‏های ایران با تاکید بر منحنی سن- مشارکت

ﻫﺪف: زﻧﺎن ﻧﯿﻤﯽ از ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ و ﻧﯿﺮوی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﮐﺸﻮر در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮی و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻧﯿﺮوی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و رﺷﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه ﻧﯿﺮوی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﮐﺮده و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﻧﮕﺮش زﻧﺎن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﺧﻮد و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آﻣﻮزش زﻧﺎن و اﺷﺘﻐﺎل آﻧﺎن، در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی زﻧﺎن در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎی اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ آﻣﻮزش و ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﺳﻦ- ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. روش: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رﯾﺰدادهﻫﺎی ﻃﺮح ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ و درآﻣﺪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب دادهﻫﺎی ﺷﺒﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮﯾﯽ اﻧﺠﺎمﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮی ﻣﺪل ﻻﺟﯿﺖ و روش ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ درﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ زﻧﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ، ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪای ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 28265 زن روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪة راﺑﻄﻪای ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت u واروﻧﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻦ و اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ زﻧﺎن ﺑﻮدهاﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﯽ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ورود زﻧﺎن ﺟﻮان در ﮔﺮوه ﺳﻨﯽ 25-34 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزار ﮐﺎر، ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﯽ ﺑﻮدهاﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﻠﻘﻪ، ﺑﯿﻮه ﯾﺎ ﻣﺠﺮد ﺑﻮدن زن، در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﺄﻫﻞ ﺑﻮدن او، ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ زﻧﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ دارد؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺮخ ﻃﻼق و ﻧﺮخ ﺗﺠﺮد در اﯾﺮان، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬار اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﭼﺎرهاﻧﺪﯾﺸﯽ و اراﺋﻪ راهﮐﺎر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی ﭘﯿﺶرو ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﺤﺼﻞ ﺑﻮدن زﻧﺎن و ﺣﻀﻮر ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ زﯾﺮ 6 ﺳﺎل در ﺧﺎﻧﻮار، ﺑﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ زﻧﺎن در ﺑﺎزار ﮐﺎر اﺛﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ دارد درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ زﻧﺎن، ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﯾﮏ ﻧﮕﺎه ﮐﻠﯽ، ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ آﯾﯿﻨﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ و ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ زﻧﺎن در ﺳﻨﯿﻦ ﺣﺪود 25-35 ﺳﺎل، ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﯽ 25-34 و 35-44 و اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ از ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ زﻧﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ، در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی ﭘﯿﺶرو، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ زﻧﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در ﺑﺎزار ﮐﺎر، دور از ذﻫﻦ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ؛ از اﯾﻨﺮو اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻣﯽرود اﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ، در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰی و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬاری اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﻣﻮرد توجه قرار گیرد و اقدامات لازم جهت بهبود شرایط انجام شود.

economic and demographic factors affecting the economic participation of rural women in the provinces of iran with emphasis on the age- participation curve

introduction: women are half of the country's population and potential human resources in urban and rural areas; considering the role of human capital in production and economic growth, especially educated ones, and the change in women's attitude towards their education and society towards women's education and their employment, in this study, the effect of socio-economic factors on the female's economic activity in rural areas of iran's provinces considered with emphasis on education and age-participation curve.methods: this research was conducted using micro-data of rural household income and expenditure survey in the framework of quasi-panel data. the logit model and the maximum likelihood method were used to study the factors affecting the probability of female participation in a rural area, with a sample of 28,265 rural women.findings: the results showed an inverted u-shaped relationship between age and the possibility of women's participation; in other words, the tendency of young women in the age group of 25-34 years to enter the labor market has been more than in other age groups. being divorced, widowed and single has a positive effect on the participation of rural women compared to being married. therefore, considering the increase in divorce and celibacy rates in iran, the economic policymaker should look for solutions and provide suitable answers for these problems in the coming years.having a child under six years old and being a student has a negative effect on the probability of female participation in the labor market. in contrast, the level of education has a positive and significant effect on the probability of female participation. in a general view, taking into account the demographic mirror and the frequency of the population of women around the age of 25-35, the greater desire to participate in the age groups of 25-34 and 35-44 and the employment of a significant part of the population of rural women in education, increasing participation of rural women in the labor market is not out of mind in the coming years. therefore, it is expected that these critical issues will be taken into account in economic planning, and policymaker gets the necessary decision to improve the situation.