مروری بر زمینه‌ها، انواع و پیامدهای مهاجرت بین المللی زنان

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﺮور ادﺑﯿﺎت اﺧﯿﺮ در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮتﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ زﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻠﺨﯿﺺ و دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪی روﻧﺪﻫﺎ، اﻧﻮاع و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮتﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ زﻧﺎن اﺳﺖ. روش: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﺮوری ﺑﻮده و روش ﮔﺮدآوری اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪی ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺗﻠﺨﯿﺺ و دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪی اﺳﻨﺎد ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﭘﺮداﺧﻨﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎزهی زﻣﺎﻧﯽ اﯾﻦ آﺛﺎر ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎل 2021 ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ روﻧﺪﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ زﻧﺎن را ﻣﯽﺗﻮان در ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎی ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺪن و ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ ﻣﻮرد دﻗﺖ ﻗﺮارد داد. اﻣﮑﺎن اﯾﺠﺎد فرﺻﺖﻫﺎی ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺮای زﻧﺎن در ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ و ﮐﺴﺐ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﯽ ﺑﻪ دور از ﮐﻠﯿﺸﻪﻫﺎی ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ را ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺼﺪاﻗﯽ از ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ آورد؛ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ زﻧﺎن در اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. از ﯾﮑﺴﻮ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ ﮐﺎر در اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ و از ﺳﻮی دﯾﮕﺮ ﮐﻠﯿﺸﻪﻫﺎی ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ، ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺗﯽ زﻧﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺮدان ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ.

A Review of Contexts, Types and Consequences of Women’s International Migration

Today, Women comprise about half of the international migration flows. This weighting of men’s and women’s migration has been one of the most important recent migration developments that has attracted the attention of immigration researchers since the 1970s. The present study has investigated the trends, types, and characteristics of international migration of women in accordance with the latest statics and reports of international organizations. The results showed that this trend can be studied in the context of globalization and gender. In particular, globalization has greatly increased the demand for cheap and obedient female labor. Women may migrate freely or under duress. Also for women, the motivation for immigration can be freedom from discrimination and gender norms. Creating equal opportunities for women in international mobility and obtaining appropriate economic and social opportunities without gender stereotypes can be seen as an example of development. Although women in this process may also have to face challenges. On the one hand, the gender division of labor in the global economy, and on the other, gender stereotypes, put the immigrant interests of women in greater risk than men. Illegal female immigrants as well as unskilled immigrant women are more likely to be affected.