the evaluation of the effect of periodic resistance training along with vitamin d3 consumption and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on cortical tnf-β levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background: inflammation plays a major role in the development and progression of diabetes. vitamin d deficiency and physical inactivity can also increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. combined therapeutic strategies are promising approaches for the treatment and prevention of diabetes. this study aimed to investigate the effects of resistance training, vitamin d3 supplementation, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (msc) transplantation on tumor necrosis factor-beta levels in the cerebral cortex of diabetic rats.methods: eighty male wistar rats (weighing 290±19 g) were randomly divided into 10 groups: healthy control, sham, diabetes, training, vitamin d, msc, training+vitamin d, msc+training, msc+vitamin d, and training+msc+vitamin d. training groups were subjected to a resistance training program on a ladder. msc groups received 1.5 × 106 mscs, and vitamin d supplementation groups received 1 microgram/kilogram of vitamin d3 eight times. cortical tnf-β levels and fasting serum glucose levels were measured.results: after six weeks, the combination of resistance training with vitamin d3 supplementation and msc transplantation (p=0.018), as well as the combination of resistance training with mscs (p=0.024), significantly reduced the diabetes-induced elevation of tnf-β levels.conclusion: resistance training with appropriate intensity, duration, and recovery between exercise sessions, combined with msc transplantation and vitamin d3 supplementation, has profound anti-inflammatory effects on the cerebral cortex tissue of diabetic rats. this type of intervention, especially the transplantation of mscs, may be a promising protective strategy against some complications of diabetes.