antimicrobial resistance patterns of staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates causing urinary tract infections in gorgan, north of iran

Background and objectives: urinary tract infection (uti) is one of the most common bacterial infections. staphylococcus saprophyticus is a common gram-positive bacterium that causes uncomplicated utis in women. the present study aimed to study the drug resistance pattern and phenotypic and genotypic variation of s. saprophyticus isolates from women with uti in gorgan, northern iran.methods: this study was performed from may 2018 to september 2020. during this time,   35 s. saprophyticus strains were isolated from patients with uti. the antimicrobial patterns of the isolates were determined by a conventional method. phenotypic criteria such as pigment production, mannitol fermentation, urease production, and 16srrna gene valuation were studied.results: all isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, and linezolid. s. saprophyticus isolates showed the highest level of resistance to penicillin (85.7%) and erythromycin (51.4%). a variation was detected among s. saprophyticus isolates in terms of pigment production i.e. about 51.4% showed yellow pigment in muller hinton agar, and 62.9% of the isolates were able to ferment mannitol sugar. of 11 isolates that were sequenced for the 16srrna gene, only two isolates showed different patterns.conclusion: nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are the antibiotics of choice for the treatment of uti caused by s. saprophyticus in the study area. due to the phenotypic and genotypic differences among s. saprophyticus isolates, typing of s. saprophyticus at the subspecies level is recommended.