Tracing real and reactive power in open access network

The main objective of this paper is to present a simple and general methodology for tracing the power output of each generator to the line flows and loads through out the electrical power network. the tracing algorithm is based on basic circuit theories including superposition law, equivalent current injection and equivalent impedance. after power flow solution is obtained, the contributions of individual generators are determined through the voltages, currents, power flows and losses tracing sequentially. the veracity and accuracy of the method is demonstrated by numerical examples. comparisons of the result with previous methods are also given.