ارزیابی تشکیل بازارهای آب بین منطقه‌ای در دشت ترشیز

تشکیل بازارهای آب بین منطقه‌ای و به دنبال آن اشتراک‌گذاری آب آبیاری توسط کشاورزان می‌تواند سبب کاهش مصرف بی‌رویه این نهاده شده و بر توسعه محلی و منطقه‌ای کشور تاثیرگذار است. به همین منظور، در این مطالعه اثرات تشکیل بازارهای آب بین منطقه‌‌ای در منطقه ترشیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای تحقق این هدف، از مدل تولید محصولات کشاورزی منطقه‌ای (swap) و برنامه‌ریزی ریاضی مثبت (pmp) استفاده شد. داده‌ ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز در این تحقیق از نوع مقطعی و مربوط به سال زراعی 97-1396 در استان خراسان‌رضوی جمع‌آوری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که با ایجاد بازارهای آب بین منطقه‌‌ای در سطح منطقه ترشیز، افزون بر ایجاد تعادل بین عرضه و تقاضای آب آبیاری و برقراری توازن داد و ستد آب بین مناطق مورد مطالعه، نتیجه بر افزایش اراضی آبی به میزان 3.45 درصد و سود ناخالص کشاورزان 4.26 درصد می‌تواند بین تقاضای آب آبیاری و عرضه می‌گردد.

Assessing the Formation of Local and Regional Water Markets in the Torshiz Plain

Water is an important factor in the economic development of any country. Therefore, it is necessary to plan for optimal use of water resources and economic allocation of this resource for different uses (Tajrishi Abrishamchi, 2004). Over the past decades, the increasing use of water resources and the low efficiency of its consumption have caused many environmental concerns. Water markets are an economic instrument that can be used to increase decentralization, optimize the allocation of water resources among consumers, and reduce the effects of water scarcity. Accordingly, water markets are mainly characterized by their capability to reallocate water for different uses so that this allocation is welcomed by those who designate higher potential values of water and naturally, derive more rational utilization of water resources in their own consumption (Badie Barzin et al., 2018). Given the importance of water, our research objective was to assess the effects of local and regional water markets in the Torshiz region. Data were collected without sampling at the level of cultivating certain crops including agricultural production, production costs, and inputs. Crop prices were provided by the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Khorasan Razavi Province, and the data on the demanded water products and all available water resources were provided by the District Water Company of Khorasan Razavi province. Howitt et al. (2015) studied the effects of drought on agricultural production in different parts of California and evaluated the role of local water markets in this area. The results showed that drought had a negative effect on not only the volume of surface water resources but also the depth of the groundwater supply and that the farmers were faced with inadequate water inputs. In this regard, the creation of local and regional water markets to balance water supply and demand has significantly reduced the effects of droughts. Additionally, the demand for irrigation water can be a good approach to cope with the effects of droughts. For this purpose, the present study mainly aims to investigate and evaluate the effects of the development of local and regional water markets in the Torshiz area and assess the potential of irrigation water transfers under drought and dehydration in the province’s cities (as water conveyor region).