Effect of Wavy Wall on Convection Heat Transfer of Water-Al 2O3 Nanofluid in A Lid-Driven Cavity Using Lattice Boltzmann Method

In the present study,the effects of wavy wall's properties on mixed convection heat transfer of water-al2o3 nanofluid in a lid-driven cavity are investigated using the lattice boltzmann method (lbm). the boundary fitting method with second order accuracy at both velocity and temperature fields is used to simulate the curved boundaries in the lbm. the problem is investigated for different richardson numbers ( 0.1 ≤ ri ≤ 10 ),volume fractions of nanoparticles ( 0.01 ≤0.05 ),curve amplitudes ( 0.05 ≤ a ≤ 0.25 ) and phase shifts of corrugated wall ( 0 ≤ 270 ) when the reynolds number is equal to 25. the results represent the effective role of corrugated wavy wall on the rate of nanofluid heat transfer. it is observed that increasing the wavy wall's amplitude leads to a decrease in the average nusselt number in high richardson number. it is found that increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles enhances the rate of heat transfer. results also show that adding nanoparticles to the base fluid has significant effects on both fluid flow and temperature field of the mixed convection,especially for low richardson number.