comparative study of trihybrid nanofluids (cu-al2o3-tio2/h2o) in flow over an exponentially stretching surface in presence of a magnetic field

Hybrid nanofluids (hnfs) and trihybrid nanofluids (thnfs) have many industrial, engineering, and medical applications since they increase heat transfer rate. because of these applications of thnfs, in the present problem the 3d hydrodynamic flow over exponentially stretching surfaces in a magnetohydrodynamic (mhd) field for the base fluid of water and nanoparticles of copper, aluminum oxide, and titanium oxide are analyzed. in this study, a new mathematical model for enhancing heat transfer using thnfs in light of the exciting potential of thnfs is presented. this comparative model is considered for the exponential flow of a new model in the presence of a magnetic field. partial differential equations (pdes) are derived using continuity, momentum, and energy equations. numerical results are obtained using the bvp-4c algorithm in matlab software. the major outcomes disclosed that the nusselt number, which measures the rate at which heat is transferred, is higher in ternary hybrid nanomaterial when compared to hybrid. the value of the nusselt number for ternary hybrid nanofluid is 38.4% higher than for hybrid nanofluid. the highest value of the nusselt number for the ternary hybrid nanofluid, which occurs at parantel number of 8.2, was found to be 1.5090. the heat transfer rate of the tri-hybrid nanofluid is also superior to that of the hybrid nanofluid and the traditional nanofluid. an increase in the a and β also results in a decrease in the temperature. furthermore, raising the values of ha and β causes the skin friction coefficient to increase. besides, the nusselt number (nu) increases due to an increase in β, a, pr, and bi. comparing the graphs show that the temperature and nu have a higher rate of increase in thnfs (cu-al2o3-tio2/h2o) than in nhfs (cu-al2o3/h2o).