exploring preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesis mechanisms and applications: a comprehensive review

Zinc oxide nanoparticles zno (nps) have garnered significant attention in scientific exploration due to their diverse range of applications. this review aims to comprehensively explore the realm of zno (nps) by thoroughly investigating their preparation methods, synthesis mechanisms, properties, and varied applications. the literature review provides an in-depth examination of synthesis techniques, encompassing chemical, physical, and biological approaches, while elucidating their respective advantages and limitations. additionally, the study delves into the intricate chemical and physical processes underlying zno (nps) formation. moving beyond synthesis, the multifaceted properties of zno (nps), including their optical, electronic, and surface characteristics, provide a comprehensive understanding of their behavior. exploring applications across biosensing, bioimaging, environmental treatments, anticancer therapy, and cosmetics, we highlight the versatility of zno (nps) in diverse fields. our review not only offers insights into the current landscape but also outlines emerging trends and future directions, fostering ongoing innovation in this dynamic domain. by consolidating and enriching our knowledge of zno (nps), this review sets the stage for transformative advancements in nanotechnology.