optimal orbital inclination based on maximum regional coverage criterion for a satellite in a low earth circular orbit

Considering the growing range of space applications, missions targeting regional coverage have become increasingly significant. this study presents two analytical algorithms to determine the optimal orbital inclination for maximizing regional coverage for a satellite in a low earth circular orbit. specifically, the algorithms utilize a two-dimensional mapping technique and geographic latitude-dependent coverage calculations to derive optimal orbital parameters. for instance, for a satellite at an altitude of 700 kilometers with a minimum elevation angle of 20 degrees (corresponding to a field of view of 115.6 degrees), the optimal orbital inclination for maximizing coverage over iran's target region is found to be 39 degrees using both analytical methods. these findings are validated through simulations conducted in stk software, which reveal an accuracy error of 5% or less. by filling gaps in the existing literature with its focus on regional coverage for micro-satellites, this study advances the understanding of regional mission planning and provides satellite designers with efficient and practical tools for optimizing orbital parameters. the proposed algorithms hold promise for diverse applications, including disaster monitoring and communication satellite design.