مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش تعامل والد-کودک و آموزش فرزندپروری به شیوه آدلر- درایکورس بر بهبود کیفیت رابطه والد-کودک درکودکان طلاق

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻃﻼق در ﻃﻮل زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺎ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎی رواﻧﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ آﻣﻮزش و ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ دارﻧﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ واﻟﺪ- ﮐﻮدک و آﻣﻮزش ﻓﺮزﻧﺪﭘﺮوری ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه آدﻟﺮ- دراﯾﮑﻮرس ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ راﺑﻄﻪ واﻟﺪ-ﮐﻮدک، درﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻃﻼق اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روش ﮐﺎر: اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻧﻮع ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن، ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری ﻣﺎدران ﻣﻄﻠﻘﻪ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﻣﺸﺎوره و روان درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ در ﻧﯿﻤﻪ دوم ﺳﺎل 1396 ﻣﯽﺷﺪ. از اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن 60 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻓﺮزﻧﺪﺷﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ واﻟﺪ- ﮐﻮدک (15 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ) و ﮔﺮوه آدﻟﺮ- دراﯾﮑﻮرس (10 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ) درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ، ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻫﯿﭻ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﮑﺮد. ﺟﻤﻊ آوری دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ واﻟﺪ-ﮐﻮدک (pcrs) در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن-ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮی اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ازﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮی ﻣﮑﺮر ﺑﺎ ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮی ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار 21-spss اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮ ﻣﮑﺮر ﻧﺸﺎن داد، آﻣﻮزش ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎدران در دو روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ واﻟﺪ- ﮐﻮدک و آدﻟﺮ- دراﯾﮑﻮرس ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ راﺑﻄﻪ واﻟﺪ- ﮐﻮدک ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻣﻮزش روﯾﮑﺮد آدﻟﺮ- دراﯾﮑﻮرس، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ آزردﮔﯽ در راﺑﻄﻪ واﻟﺪ- ﮐﻮدک ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﯿﺮی آﻣﻮزش ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ واﻟﺪ- ﮐﻮدک و آدﻟﺮ- دراﯾﮑﻮرس ﻣﯽﺗﻮان راﺑﻄﻪ واﻟﺪ- ﮐﻮدک را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪ و در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺷﯿﻮه آدﻟﺮ- دراﯾﮑﻮرس اﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی دارد.

The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Training and Adler-Dreikurs Parenting Training on Improving the Quality of the Parent-Child Relationship in divorced Mother’s Children

Introduction: Children of divorce experience many psychological and social problems during their future lives and they need to be trained and supported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of Parent -Child Interaction and AdlerDreikurs method on the quality of ParentChild Relationship in divorced mother rsquo;s children. Methods: The present study was a semiexperimental, pretest, posttest, and control group. The statistical society included divorced mothers referred to psychology and counseling organization centers of Mashhad city during 2017. Among them, 60 parents with their children selected and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The ParentChild Interaction group received 15 sessions, AdlerDreikurs approach trained for 10 sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using a ParentChild Relationship Scale (PCRS) in three stages of pretest, posttest and followup. For analyzing the data, analysis of variance with repeated measurement was performed using SPSS21 software. Results: Multi factor analysis of variance with repeated measurements indicated that training the mothers in two ParentChild Interaction and Adler Dreikurs approaches improves the quality of parentchild relationship. The AdlerDreikurs approach training was more effective than control and parentchild interaction groups. Conclusions: The results indicated that using parentchild interaction and AdlerDreikurs can improve the parentchild relationship, and the AdlerDreikurs method is more effective.