بررسی تاثیر اندوفیتی دو گونه beauveria بر صفات رشدی و برخی فعالیت‎های بیوشیمیایی لوبیا (phaseolus vulgaris)

لوبیا عمده‎ترین محصول حبوبات است که سهم 85 درصدی در تولید جهانی را دارد. دغدغه اصلی جامعه علمی ارائه راهبردهایی برای تضمین امنیت غذایی، ایمنی محصولات و برنامه‎های کاربردی برای کاهش آفت‎‎کش‎ها و کودهای شیمیایی است. در میان جایگزین‌های مورد بررسی، استفاده از میکروارگانیسم‌های مفید یکی از ارکان اصلی برای ایجاد چرخش سبز در سامانه‎های کشاورزی است. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی نقش اندوفیتی دو گونۀ بومی beauveria bassiana و b. pseudobassiana و تاثیر آن‎ها بر صفات رشدی از جمله ارتفاع بوته و طول ریشه، همچنین برخی از خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی لوبیا از جمله فنل، پرولین، پلی‎فنل‎اکسیداز، به‎علاوه کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید بود. بدین منظور از کشت 10 روزه گونه‎های قارچی سوسپانسیون اسپور تهیه شد.سوسپانسیون حین کاشت بذر به خاک اضافه شد. بیست و پنج روز پس از مایه‎زنی، نمونه‎برداری جهت تعیین استقرار قارچ در گیاه و اندازه‎گیری صفات رشدی و فعالیت‎های بیوشیمیایی صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد گونه‎های قارچی به صورت اندوفیت در بخش‎های مختلف لوبیا استقرار یافتند. همچنین کاربرد گونه‎های قارچی به تنهایی و ترکیبی صفات رشدی و فعالیت‎های بیوشیمیایی را در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش دادند. بیشترین تاثیر مربوط به ترکیب دو گونه بود که باعث افزایش 72.6 درصدی وزن خشک اندام هوایی شد. همچنین این تیمار وزن خشک و طول ریشه را به ترتیب 55.8 و 32.7 درصد افزایش داد. نتایج فعالیت‎های بیوشیمیایی نشان داد که تیمار هر دو گونه به تنهایی و ترکیب آن‎ها میزان فعالیت‎های بیوشیمیایی را در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش دادند. نتایج این مطالعه می‎تواند نشان دهنده‎ی توانایی جدایه‎های beauveria به ‌عنوان محرک رشد می‎باشد.

investigating effect of the endophytic of two beauveria species on growth traits and some biochemical activities of bean (phaseolus vulgaris)

background and objectiveslegumes are widely regarded as one of the most significant protein sources in human and animal food chains. the common bean is the primary legume crop, accounting for 85% of global bean production. the scientific community’s primary priority is to develop innovative techniques to assure food security in addition to agricultural product safety, while simultaneously implementing realistic plans to reduce the usage of pesticides and artificial fertilizers. among the investigated solutions, the utilization of beneficial microbes is one of the key components in establishing a green rotation in agricultural systems across the world. this study aimed to evaluate the endophytic role of native beauveria species on the development and biochemical characteristics of common beans.materials and methodsspore suspension (1 × 108 ml-1) was produced after a 10-day culture of the species. the spore suspension was introduced to the soil after the seeds had been disinfected during planting. to assess the fungus’s establishment in the plants, samples were collected up to 25 days following inoculation. the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications for each treatment, and parameters such as dry and fresh root and shoot weight, plant height, root length, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenol, proline, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme were determined. sas software was used to analyze the data, and duncan’s multiple range test was used to compare means at a p-value of <0.05.resultsbeauveria species injected with 1 × 108 ml-1 spores per milliliter were re-isolated by cultured bean root, stem, and leaf tissues in pda culture media, confirming endophytic fungi. these two beauveria species were capable of establishing systematic colonization in tissues from all bean organs. the study found that employing b. pseudobassiana and b. bassiana, as well as integrating these two species, raised bean plant height by 37.7, 20.2, and 41.4%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. similarly, applying these treatments increased root length by 15.5, 24.5, and 32.7%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. according to the findings of this study, b. pseudobassiana, b. bassiana, and the mixture of these two fungal species increased the dry weight of the aerial sections of beans by 50.6, 36.9, and 72.6 percent, respectively. furthermore, the use of b. bassiana, b. pseudobassiana, or a mixture of these two species elevated root dry weight by 44.1%, 39.5%, and 55.8%, respectively, in comparison with the control treatment. in general, all treatments produced more chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll than the control treatment. the combination of two species resulted in the maximum number of features, which were 153.9%, 162.8%, and 156.9%, respectively, in comparison with the control treatment. the results indicated that the amount of carotenoid, polyphenol oxidase enzyme, phenol, and proline rose considerably when two fungal species were used alone or in combination, compared to the control treatment.discussionendophytic b. pseudobassiana has been the subject of no prior research, based on our findings. the fungal strains used in the current study were re-isolated from the roots and other parts of the plant, indicating that the inoculated strains colonized the studied bean plants systematically. entomopathogenic fungi have recently attracted the attention of researchers for the profits they provide to their hosts, particularly in plant growth. the findings revealed that employing endophytic fungi and interacting with them might enhance the morpho-physiological properties of bean plants. as a result, we discovered that entomopathogenic fungi might act as both endophytic and plant growth boosters. in spite of the current proceedings, more study is required to investigate the endophytic nature of these native species in other hosts, their effect on pathogen and insect control, and their effect on metabolites, hormones, and micro-nutrients using various inoculation methods.