برآورد ظرفیت پذیرش و ارزیابی توان اکولوژیکی به منظور شناسایی پهنه‌های ارضی مستعد گردشگری (نمونه‌ی موردی: محدوده‌ی گردشگری مجتمع پتاس خور و بیابانک)

بهره‌برداری بهینه و اصولی از منابع طبیعی سرزمین و سامان‌دهی کاربری اراضی بر اساس توان طبیعی (اکولوژیکی) آن، نقش مهمی در مدیریت و جلوگیری از تخریب محیط در راستای توسعه‌ی‌ پایدار دارد. در این تحقیق تلاش شده است تا از طریق به‌کارگیری سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و ارزیابی توان اکولوژیک، مناطق مناسب برای توسعه‌ی‌ گردشگری در محدوده‌ی‌ گردشگری ‌مجتمع پتاس خور و بیابانک شناسایی شوند و درنهایت برآورد ظرفیت پذیرش واقعی گردشگر در منطقه‌ ارزیابی گردد. برای دستیابی به هدف پژوهش، از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و تکنیک روی‌هم‌گذاری لایه‌ها به‌عنوان ابزاری مناسب برای ارزیابی سرزمین و قابلیت‌سنجی سایت‌ها استفاده گردید. بدین منظور، ابتدا داده‌های پارامترهای شیب، جهت شیب، رده‌ی خاک، سنگ بستر، پوشش گیاهی، دما، ساعات آفتابی، محدودیت‌ها و دسترسی تهیه گردید و با رعایت اصول و شرایط مدل مزبور و همچنین اعمال آستانه‌های آن، نقشه‌های مناطق مناسب از منظر هر پارامتر ترسیم شد. سپس با تلفیق نقشه‌های مناطق مستعد، مبادرت به تهیه‌ی نقشه‌ی نهایی توسعه‌ی‌ تفرج گسترده‌ی اکوتوریسم گردید. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از تحقیق، منطقه‌ی‌ موردمطالعه از قابلیت اکولوژیکی لازم برای گسترش توریسم طبیعی برخوردار است؛ به‌گونه‌ای که پهنه‌های بسیار مناسب و دارای قابلیت برای توسعه‌ی‌ گردشگری 1764 کیلومتر فراهم است. 3316 کیلومتر از وسعت منطقه،‌ پهنه‌هایی است که به لحاظ قابلیت توسعه‌ی‌ گردشگری در وضعیت مناسبی قرار دارند. قابلیت متوسط توسعه‌ی‌ گردشگری در 20 درصد از وسعت منطقه‌ برقرار است. همچنین 2260 کیلومتر با قابلیت نامناسب و 1403 کیلومتر فاقد قابلیت برای توسعه‌ی‌ گردشگری بوده است. نتایج حاصل از محاسبه‌ی ظرفیت پذیرش واقعی گردشگری در منطقه‌، حاکی از قابلیت پذیرش 8894 گردشگر در محدوده‌‌ی موردمطالعه است.

Estimation of acceptance capacity and assessment of ecological power in order to identification of tourism territorial arenas (case study: tourism complex of Potas located in Khor-o- biabanak

Introduction A huge influx of tourists on weekends from overcrowded metropolitan cities unable to provide tourists with the leisure needs of parks and natural areas to take advantage of the tourism potential of planners has led planners to capacity-building tourism development and location. Because the expansion of tourism has been accompanied by environmental and ecological incompatibilities. The capacity to find suitable places in this type of tourism is considered not only as a means of promoting the socio-economic levels of indigenous peoples, but also because of its conservation practices as a management strategy experienced in the fields of natural resources, its conservation and protection. Provides.  It can be said that optimal and principled utilization of land natural resources and land use regulation based on its (ecological) natural ability play an important role in managing and preventing environmental degradation in the direction of sustainable development. In this study, it has been attempted to identify suitable areas for tourism development within the Potas Khor and Biobank Complex by applying GIS and ECO assessment. Finally, estimate the actual tourist reception capacity in the area.Materials and Methods This research is a kind of applied research and spatial-comparative analysis.Combining library studies, ground data and climatic statistics for meteorological stations and field surveys were used to collect the data. Data analysis and final evaluation of the environmental potential of the area in terms of identifying potential areas of extensive recreation based on the ecological model of tourism development. To achieve the purpose of the study, GIS and Layer Overlay technique were used as a suitable tool for land evaluation and site feasibility. For this purpose, first, the data of slope parameters, slope direction, soil grade, bedrock, vegetation, temperature, sunshine hours, constraints and accessibility were obtained. Appropriate areas were plotted from the perspective of each parameter. Then, by integrating the maps of the prone areas, the final development plan of the ecotourism was developed. In addition, tourism reception capacity has been evaluated and measured in two dimensions, physical and effective reception capacity.Discussion and Results In order to achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to describe and evaluate the state of the environment and resources prior to any planning. The importance of land evaluation is that if the land does not have the potential ecologically appropriate for a particular land use, the implementation of that plan will not only improve the condition of the area but will also result in greater environmental degradation. Since tourism is closely related to the environment, assessing the environmental potential in this area, if properly implemented, will modify plans and prevent failure in the development of the tourism industry, as well as unpredictable environmental degradation. Reduces and prevents it. To this end, it is inevitable to conduct preparatory studies in any type of land use, including ecotourism. One of the most important stages of ecotourism preparation is determining the ecological potential of the land for tourism development. Evaluating the ecological potential of tourism development involves predicting or measuring the quality of land for the establishment and expansion of recreational land uses and determining its management needs. In addition, tolerable capacity is one of the methods used to estimate the amount of permitted activity in tourism areas. In other words, the concept of Sustainable Capacity was used as one of the methods of control and monitoring of destination land in order to optimize and adjust the threshold of acceptable environmental changes in the host areas. The capacity of the board at the ecosystem level is the level or extent at which a process or environmental variable within a given ecosystem can be changed without the structure and function of that ecosystem going beyond acceptable limits. Therefore, in this study tourism reception capacity has been evaluated and measured in two dimensions of physical and effective reception capacity. Physical reception capacity is the maximum number of visitors who can be physically present at a given location and time. Actual board capacity is the maximum number of visitors to a resort that, given the limiting factors resulting from the specific conditions of that location and the impact of these factors on the physical board capacity, are permitted to visit that place.Conclusions Based on the results of the study, the study area has ecological potential for natural tourism development, so that the zones are very suitable and capable of tourism development of 1764 km. 3316 km of the area are zones that are in good condition for tourism development. The average tourism development capability is 20% of the area. Also 2260 km with poor capability and 1403 km with no capability for tourism development. The results of calculating the actual tourism reception capacity in the region indicate the acceptability of 8894 tourists in the study area.