Compression and Extension Monotonic Loading of a Carbonate Sand

The unique behaviour of carbonate sediments under shear loading has stimulated in investigating of their geological and engineering properties. their shapes are very different varying from needle shaped to platy shaped. hence, it is important to examine their fabric effect on soil response under shearing condition. to this aim a series of small scale laboratory element testing were carried out on north cornwall rock beach sand. non-cemented and cemented carbonate sand response under compression and extension loading and different initial density and confining pressure with samples allowed to be drained were investigated and compared. the results show that the sand shear strength under extension loading is lower than compression regarding to anisotropic fabric due to platy and needle shape of grains. the anisotropy is reduced with increasing the confining pressure and initial relative density with non-cemented sand. furthermore, present of cement bounds reduces the anisotropy especially in low confining pressures.