Medium Dense Non-Cemented Carbonate Sand under Reversed Cyclic · Loading

Carbonate materials are mostly found in tropical areas, where exploiting gas and oilresources are of high concern. their unique behavior under shear loading first was recognisedduring oil resources investigations in the persian gulf. off-shore structures have been placed oncarbonate soils which are highly crushable.during storms cyclic loading imposes on the bases ofstructures lied down on seabed. cyclic loading, therefore, may trigger liquefaction phenomenonwhich leads to soil collapse and a catostrophic event. therefore, stability of these expensivestructures need to be investigated. to this aim carbonate sand in medium dense to medium densestate was considered and its response under varied cyclic shear stress ratio was studied.