Settlement analysis considerng sand mat induced initial settlement in soft ground improved by PBD

The ground improvement using plastic board drain (pbd) in soft soil was undertaken by sand mat formation, pbd installation, preloading surcharge, and removal of surcharge. during this procedure, the sand mat formation induced an initial settlement. however, it was very difficult to estimate that settlement due to pbd installation, which frequently destroyed the instruments installed in the ground. consequently, the initial settlement was not properly included in total settlement. in this study, the initial settlement was estimated using ground level measurement and cone penetration test. both predicted almost the same amount of initial settlement. the initial settlement is linearly increased with the depth of the sand mat. the degree of consolidation and the time of surcharge removal were estimated using the settlement included the initial settlement. correct estimation of initial settlement is very important because it is a critical factor, which affects total settlement and the time of surcharge removal. if the initial settlement is not considered, the preloading surcharge may be overloaded or the time of surcharge removal may be predicted incorrectly. consequently, the prediction of settlement, which requires to management of construction procedure of the project, may be wrong