effect of porous media on hydraulic jump characteristics by using smooth particle hydrodynamics method

In order to understand the effect of porous media on hydraulic jumps, a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (sph) model is applied to investigate the characteristics of hydraulic jumps interacting with porous media. various porosities including cases without an obstacle or with a solid obstacle or porous media are considered. the opening of a gate was altered to adjust the hydraulic jump. the conjugate depth ratio, bottom shear stress distribution, and energy dissipation are reported. in the present study, validations are in a good agreement with previous studies. overall, the result showed that the average error between numerical and experimental data was less than 7.2%. energy dissipation is compared among cases with three porosities, with and without a solid obstacle. the porosity of 0.68 is found to dissipate more energy than do other porosities. thus, porous media can be used to enhance energy dissipation of hydraulic jumps in an open channel. in conclusion, the proposed sph model can simulate the effect of porous media on hydraulic jump characteristics.