static strength of square t-joints reinforced with collar-plates under axial compression or in-plane bending

In typical square tubular joints, the most common failure mode is local yielding or buckling of the chord at the brace/chord intersection. thus, in the current paper, a collar-plate, as external reinforcement, is welded around the weld toe to increase the stiffness of the chord surface. firstly, theoretical formulas, based on the yield line principle which is often used to examine thin-walled members suffering from local collapse mechanisms, for calculating the capacities of the collar-plate-reinforced square tubular t-joints under axial compression and in-plane bending are deduced. then, experimental tests and finite element (fe) simulations are carried out on square tubular t-joints reinforced with collar-plates. the experimental results showed an improvement in the bearing capacity of shs joints reinforced with collar-plate by 78 and 89% compared with the corresponding un-reinforcement joints. the fe results, as well, proved that using the collar-plate reinforcement is an efficient method to improve the static strength of a square tubular t-joint under either axial compression or in-plane bending. finally, through the comparison between the fe results and the theoretical formulas, the validation range of the formulas for predicting the strengths of the collar-plate-reinforced square tubular t-joints is specified. for the joints under axial pressure, the validation range of the proposed formula is 0.45 ≤ βc ≤ 0.8, 2γ  ≥ 20 and τc ≥ 1.5, while for the joints under in-plane bending is βc ≤ 0.8, 15 ≤  2γ  ≤ 30 and τc ≥ 1.50.