الاحاله النصیه کعنصر اتساقی فی خطب الامام الباقر (ع) فی ضوء نظریه حسن وهالیدای

تعدّ الاحاله من العناصر الرئیسه فی تماسک النصوص، خاصه الادبیه منها فی اللسانیات النصیه، وتلعب دوراً تواصلیاً مشترکاً بین الکاتب والقارئ؛ لانّها تقیم علاقات دلالیه وشکلیه بین الجمل المتتالیه، غیر انها لیست اداه لغویه، تاتی للربط بین اجزاء الکلام فحسب، وانّما تشکّل بناء تصوّر ادراکی لدى المتلقّی. هذه المساله قد لفتت انتباه دارسی اللغه، خاصه هالیدای وحسن. فاهتمّوا بدراسه الروابط النصیه کجسر تواصلی بین اجزاء النصّ المتباعده والربط بین تلک الاجزاء ربطاً واضحاً، مثل: الضمائر، والموصولات، واسماء الاشاره، وغیرها. وبالعوده الى خطب الامام الباقر (8)، نرى انّ الادوات النصیه فیها جاءت بشکل متمیّز، حیث لا تکاد تخلو منها جمله، ممّا یتطلب تسلیط الضوء علىها، والکشف عن اثرها فی تماسک خطبه. تهدف هذه الورقه البحثیه، بمنهجها الوصفی التحلیلی، الى قراءه الاحالات النصیه فی خطب الامام الباقر (8)، وفق نظریه حسن وهالیدای، لتقدّم عوناً للباحثین الذین یرغبون فی فهم خطبه. وفی نهایه المطاف، توصّلت الدراسه الى بعض نتائج، منها: انّ الاحالات عند الامام الباقر (8)، تنقسم الى: الاحاله النصیه قبلیه، وبعدیه؛ والادوات الاحالیه هی: الضمیر، واسم الاشاره، واسم الموصول، وادوات المقارنه؛ وذلک یعود للاضطرابات التی لوحظت فی الوضع السیاسی والاجتماعی، خاصه فی العقدین الاخیرین من حیاه الامام (8)، حیث انتقلت السلطه من اسره الى اخرى، ورافقت ذلک اضطرابات. کما اتّضح ان الامام الباقر (8)، استخدم الاحاله القبلیه کثیراً فی خطبه اکثر بکثیر، مقارنه بالاحاله البعدیه.

textual reference as a consistent element in the sermons of imam baqir (as) based on hassan and halliday’s theory

textual reference, or what is also known as verbal or symbolic reference is the use of words and expressions that carry multiple connotations and symbolize other meanings or refer to deeper ideas and concepts. textual reference is used in the verbal discourse to influence the audience and deliver additional messages or show indirect meanings. when there is a link between the vocabulary and components of the sentence or text, one can easily understand the hidden angles of the sermon. imam baqir (as), as one of the infallible imams, played a central role in unifying the concepts and methods of interpreting religious texts. the importance of the efforts of imam baqir (as) is that he established a comprehensive knowledge center based on the holy quran and the tradition of the prophet (pbuh). to interpret the texts, he was interested in relying on first-hand and reliable sources. therefore, he collected the hadiths and traditions belonging to the prophet (pbuh) and his companions.reference is considered one of the vital elements in textual interconnection. it is taught in textual linguistics and contributes to the cohesion of the text and clarification of its meanings. when there is a bond between the vocabulary and the different parts of the sentence or the text, it becomes easy to understand the message behind it.understanding referrals requires accuracy in interpretation and taking into account the historical and social contexts in which they were written. when we study the sermons of imam baqir (as), the role of textual referral appears in clarifying the basic concepts and his ideas. it enhances our ability to perceive his purposes and instructions. imam baqir (as), with his broad knowledge, was seeking to provide a comprehensive reading of jurisprudence and speech. this requires an accurate analysis of his texts to understand the deep messages he aims to deliver. the present research focuses on studying the referrals in the sermons of imam baqir (as), to understand its role and its impact on achieving grammatical, rhetorical, and psychological goals.this descriptive-analytical research is based on hassan and halliday’s theory. the importance of this study is evident in the discussion of textual referral in the sermons of imam baqir (as)  as an imam who had many students interested in conveying his hadiths and sermons.the referral played an important role in the cohesion of the sermons of imam baqir (as)  and its harmony as the constructive arteries of his sermons. imam baqir (as) employed all kinds of referrals, especially consciences, connections, sign names, and comparison tools. as for the referral of the consciences, the study concluded that the conscience referral with its dimensional types dominated his sermons compared to other referral tools. this referral was highly abundant in the pronoun ‘cuff’. we also noticed a high frequency of the pronoun of the addressees (kom). it can be said that imam (as) was directed to the general public. it is also more than the employment of the pronoun ‘antom’.references are referred to as referrals and have a lower frequency than pronouns. however, they show the continuity and interdependence between the sentences of speeches. they have no formal function but have semantic functions. imam (as) used close signals in referrals to facilitate the relationship so that the addressee turns to what will be in his future or what will come or will face. the special comparison was the most referral of comparison tools in the sermons of the imam (as).