اطلالة على منهج ابن عصفور فی مثل المقرّب

مکانة علم النحو المرموقة بین العلوم العربیة مما ایّدها کلّ من اراد الصحة فی قراءة القرآن الکریم او فَصاحة التکلم باللغة العربیة او الکتابة بها. ومن اهمّ ما یدلّ على هذه المکانة وفور التالیفات النحویة من قدیم الایام والتعلیقات علیها وتشعّب المذاهب فیها. ومن اقوى دوافع العلماء فی هذا المضمار الاتیان بمصنَّفٍ یسهّل قواعد العربیة على المتعلّمین. ولان نستوعب نصوصهم ونصل الى منهج مقبول فی تالیف الکتب الدراسیة، علینا التعرّف على منهجهم. والمنهجیة هی الطریق الوحیدة التی بها یُعرف النهج الذی سار المولّف علیه وتتّضح طوابعه التعلیمیة المفیدة فبها نُقوِّم الکتب ویمکننا فهم النصوص. واما من النحاة فمن قام بشرح مصنَّفه لاسبابٍ ما. ومن میزات هذه الشروح ابقاء منهج الشرح على درب منهج النصّ وصیرورتهما کتالیف واحد، الامر الذی یعطینا مَیَداناً اوسع فی المنهجیة. فبحثنا عن شروح النحاة على مولّفاتهم واخترنا منها ما صُنّف مبکراً وقلّ تعرّفنا علیه وهو مُثُل المقرَّب شرح ابن ‌عصفور الاشبیلی لکتابه المقرَّب. ومن هذا المنطلق، توخّى البحث المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی للوصول الى الهدف المنشود، الا وهو التعرف على محتوى مُثل المقرّب ومنهج ابن ‌عصفور فیه، ومذهبه النحوی، وکیفیة مزاولته مسائل النص وتسهیل سبل استیعابه. ومن اهمّ ما حصل البحث علیه تجلّی مظاهر من منهجه التعلیمی، وهی الطریقتان الاستقرائیة والتکشیفیة، والعدول عن التعاریف الذهنیة، والتجنّب عن الغور فی الخلافات النحویة؛ وقد تبین ان منهجه العام فی اصول النحو یضاهی منهج البصریین.

Investigating Ibn Osfoor’s Method in Mothol-al-Moqarrab

Abstract: The outstanding status of syntax knowledge among other Arabic language sciences is confirmed by all the scholars active on the field of correct reading of the holy Quran and standard listening and speaking of Arabic language. The most crucial signs of this elegant status are the abundance of syntactic writings and their explanations or marginal descriptions, along with the advent of various syntactic schools from the past times. The main motive of scholars in this respect was to write a book simplifying learning of Arabic language grammar. In order to understand these texts and acquire an organized method for writing academic books, we need to become familiar with the authors’ style of writing. It is logical to recognize that methodology is the only way to reveal writers’ style and its academic characteristics and to determine a way to the reader to internalize the texts better, thus the real value of the texts will be distinguished. Among syntax book writers, some have written, for some reason, an explanation about their work. One of the beneficial features of this type of explanation on their writings is the similarity of the original text method and its description, as if both of them are one book. This type of writing broadens our view on book methodology. Therefore, in order to investigate these types of explanations which grammarians have written on their writings, ‘Mothol al Moqarrab’ written by ‘Ibn Osfoor Eshbilli’ was selected. It is the first type of explanation and one of the most unknown one as well. The present research is based on a descriptiveanalytical method and attempts to become acquainted with the content of ‘Mothol al Moqarrab’ and ‘Ibn Osfoor’ style for writing it, his syntactic school, the way he organized the chapters and discussions in ‘Moqarrab’, and, finally, the educational value of the description to increase its learning pathways. And one of the most important achievements is the recognition of the manifestations of the teaching method, and the two methods of induction (first proposing instance and then grammatical rule explanation) and exploration (proposing question and answer), along with the avoidance of intellectual definitions and controversy among syntacticians. Ibn Osfoor’s main method in syntax principles is similar to Basrian method.