کشت بساک ارقام خیار (cucumis sativus l.) گلخانه‌ای جهت القای کالوس

هدف: هدف این تحقیق، اثر مختلف تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی و همچنین محیط کشت ms روی صفات وزن کالوس، درصد کالوس‌زایی و جنین‌زایی در کشت بساک دو رقم خیار سینا و نگین (cucumis sativus l.)، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. در آزمایش القای کالوس، فاکتورها شامل دو رقم خیار (سینا و نگین)، ترکیب غلظت‌های مختلف bap (0، 0.7، 0.9و 1.1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و 2,4-d (0، 0.75، 1 و 1.25 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بود.نتایج: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺴﺎک و اﻟﻘﺎی ﮐﺎﻟﻮس ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداری بین دو ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ وﺟﻮد دارد. بساک‌های کشت شده در محیط پایه ms و محیط‌های تهیه شده با غلظت‌های مختلف bap پاسخی نشان ندادند و بعد از یک ماه از کشت از بین رفتند. بیشترین درصد کالوس‌زایی در هر دو رقم فاقد اختلاف معنی‌دار بودند. با بررسی اثر متقابل رقم، اکسین و سیتوکنین مشخص شد که بیشترین درصد کالوس‌زایی 100% در هر دو رقم در محیط‌ها با ترکیب bap (0.7 و 0.9 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) با 2,4-d (0.75، 1 و1.25 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و در رقم سینا bap (1.1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) با 2,4-d (0.75، 1 و1.25 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بوده است. ولیکن کمترین درصد کالوس‌زایی در رقم نگین در حضور هورمون 2,4-d با غلظت 1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر با میانگین 33.333 درصد مشاهده شد. نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی استفاده از تنظیم‌کننده رشد  bapو 2,4-d در محیط کشت  msباعث القای کالوس در کشت بساک هر دو رقم خیار شد.

cultivation of anthers of cucumber cultivars (cucumis sativus l.) in a greenhouse for callus induction

aim: the aim of this research was to investigate the effects of different plant growth regulators and ms culture medium on the characteristics of callus weight, percentage of callus formation and embryogenesis in anther culture of two cultivars of sina and negin cucumbers (cucumis sativus l.).materials and methods: the experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. in this research, to determine the stage of growth and development of microspores, male flower buds in the sizes of 0.5 to 2.2 cm were taken from mother plants. for dyeing, the anthers were separated from the buds and placed in stocarman dye solution containing one gram of carmen powder and one hundred milliliters of 45% acetic acid for one day. then the anthers were crushed on the laboratory slide and the microspores inside them were observed under a light microscope. in the callus induction test, the factors include two cucumber cultivars (sina and negin), the combination of different concentrations of bap (0, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 mg/liter) and 2,4-d (0, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 mg/liter). 4 anthers were cultured in each petri dish. after placing the anthers in the culture medium, the lids of the petri dishes were closed and sealed with parafilm, and then they were covered with aluminum foil and placed in the growth chamber at a temperature of 25 ± 2 degrees celsius in the dark for 2 weeks and the environments they were cultivated once every 2 or 3 weeks.results: cytogenetic experiments showed that 1.5 cm buds containing anthers and microspores in the mononuclear stage are suitable for anther culture. the results of the analysis of the variance of the data showed a statistically significant difference at the level of 0.01 between the interaction effects of genotype and culture medium. anthers cultured in ms base medium and media prepared with different concentrations of bap did not show a response and were destroyed after one month of cultivation. the average main effect of cultivars on callus fresh weight after several weeks of cultivation showed that the highest callus fresh weight was obtained in sina variety. the comparison of the average triple interaction effects of cultivar × bap × 2,4-d for callus fresh weight in this research has shown that sina cultivar in ms culture medium contains the growth regulator compound 0.7 mg/liter bap and 1 mg/liter 2,4 -d has the highest callus fresh weight. by examining the interaction effect of cultivar, auxin and cytokinin, it was found that the highest percentage of callus formation was 100% in both cultivars in environments with the combination of bap (0.7 and 0.9 mg/liter) with 2,4-d (0.75, 1 and 1.25 mg/l) and in sina cultivar bap (1.1 mg/l) with 2,4-d (0.75, 1.1 and 1.25 mg/l). however, the lowest percentage of callus formation was observed in nagin cultivar in the presence of 2,4-d hormone with a concentration of 1 mg/liter with an average of 33.333%.conclusion: in general, the use of growth regulator bap and 2,4-d in ms culture medium induced callus in anther culture of both cucumber cultivars.