اندازه‌گیری میزان افت در ماشین برداشت نیشکر مدل آستافت 7000

نیشکر با سطح زیرکشت 110 هزار هکتار یکی از مهم‌ترین محصولات کشاورزی- صنعتی کشور است. فرآیند تولید این محصول، ضایعات بالایی به دنبال دارد. بخشی از این ضایعات مربوط به شرایط تولید محصول در مزرعه و بخشی مربوط به فرآوری تولید شکر از نیشکر در کارخانه است. هدف این تحقیق، اندازه‌گیری میزان افت نیشکر (نی قدی، نی خرد شده و نی تراشه) در روش برداشت سوخته در مزارع شرکت کشت و صنعت دهخدا در سال زراعی 1399-1400 بود. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اول شامل رقم در 4 سطح (ارقام irc-12، cp48-103، cp73-21 و cp69-1062)، عامل دوم سن برداشت در سه سطح (کشت اول، بازرویی 1 و بازرویی 2) و عامل سوم شامل سرعت ماشین برداشت در سه سطح (سرعت کم برابر 3 کیلومتر بر ساعت، سرعت متوسط برابر 5 کیلومتر بر ساعت و سرعت زیاد برابر 7 کیلومتر بر ساعت) بود. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد بیشترین میزان عملکرد در رقم cp69-1062 در مزرعه‌ی کشت اول و با سرعت متوسط دستگاه مشاهده شد (144.33 تن در هکتار). همچنین بیشترین میزان ضایعات نی قدی در رقم cp48-103 در بازرویی دوم و با سرعت زیاد دستگاه و بیشترین میزان افت نی خرد شده در رقم cp48-103 در مزرعه کشت اول و با سرعت متوسط به‌ترتیب برابر 3.32 و 1.78 تن در هکتار مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج تحت اثر متقابل رقم و سرعت دستگاه، بیشترین میزان افت نی تراشه در رقم cp69-1062 و سرعت زیاد دستگاه برابر 0.314 تن در هکتار و همچنین رقم irc-12 و سرعت زیاد دستگاه برابر 0.308 تن در هکتار و تحت اثر متقابل سن مزرعه و سرعت دستگاه ماشین برداشت بیشترین میزان افت نی تراشه در مزرعه بازرویی یک و سرعت زیاد دستگاه ماشین برداشت برابر0.300 تن در هکتار اندازه‌گیری شد.

measurement of losses in a austoft sugarcane harvester case 7000

introductionsugarcane is one of the strategic products of khuzestan province, which is cultivated in 10 active agro-industrial sites and covers an area of about 110,000 hectares of irrigated farms in the province. sugarcane harvesting, like most crops, is done by special sugarcane harvesters. due to the life of machines and also the amount of heavy machine operations in each season of sugarcane harvest, the loss is inevitable. on the other hand, in khuzestan province, due to lack of studies, there is little information in this area. therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the extent of losses during sugarcane harvesting operations, taking into account factors such as cultivars, age of sugarcane, and reaping speed of the astaf 7000 model. the study will be conducted at the sugarcane agro-industrial site of dehkhoda in 2021.materials and methodsthe experiment was conducted as a factorial split-plot design based on randomized complete blocks (rcbd) with three replications. the first factor included four levels of cultivars (irc-12, cp48-103, cp 73-21, and cp69-1062), the second factor included three levels of harvest age (plant, ratoon 1, ratoon 2), and the third factor included three levels of speed (3, 5, and 7 km h-1). sampling was carried out under the same and constant conditions with respect to soil moisture content, harvester operator, harvester characteristics, harvester settings, and crop density in each field.results and discussionthe results of analysis of variance of the data obtained from measuring sugarcane losses showed that the effect of cultivar on yield, full-length sugarcane, chopped sugarcane and splinter sugarcane had a significant effect at a probability level of one percent. the effect of age had a significant effect on yield, full-length sugarcane, chopped sugarcane with a probability level of one percent, but had no significant effect on the amount of splinter sugarcane. the interaction between cultivar and age had a significant effect on yield, chopped sugarcane, and full-length sugarcane with a probability level of one percent and on splinter sugarcane with a probability level of five percent. the effect of machine speed had a significant effect on full-length sugarcane, chopped sugarcane and splinter sugarcane with a probability level of one percent, but had no significant effect on yield. the interaction of cultivar and machine speed had a significant effect on yield, full-length sugarcane, chopped sugarcane and splinter sugarcane with a probability level of one percent. the interaction effect of age and machine speed on yield had a significant effect on full-length sugarcane and splinter sugarcane with a probability level of one percent and on the amount of splinter sugarcane with a probability level of five but had no significant effect on yield. also, the interaction of cultivar, age and machine speed had a significant effect on yield, full-length sugarcane and chopped sugarcane with a probability level of one percent, but had no significant effect on the amount of splinter sugarcane. the results showed that the highest yield in cp69-1062 variety was observed in the plant farm with average machine speed (144.33 tons per hectare). also, the highest amount of sugarcane losses in cultivar cp48-103 in raton ii and with 7 km h-1 machine speed (3.32 tons per hectare), the highest amount of chopped sugarcane losses in cultivar cp48-103 in plant farm and with average speed (1.78 tons per hectare) was observed. according to the results under the interaction of cultivar and device speed, the highest amount of sugarcane losses in cp69-1062 cultivar and high speed (0.314 tons per hectare) as well as irc-12 cultivar and high speed (0.308 tons in hectares), and under the interaction of farm age and speed of the harvester, the highest amount of sugarcane losses was observed in ratoon farm and the high speed of the harvester (0.300 tons per hectare).conclusiontherefore, in order to reduce the amount of losses in sugarcane fields, it is recommended to use resistant and somewhat later cultivars for cultivation, because early cultivars are more fragile during harvest due to stem fragility and the rate of losses increases. also, harvester speed optimization reduces the amount of losses, and due to the increase in the rate of losses in reclaimed farms, it is recommended to create more resistant stem tissue by proper plant nutrition and more care to reduce the rate of losses in ratoon farms.