اندازه‌گیری و آنالیز ارتعاش وارده به میوه در کف اتاق کامیون حین حمل‌ونقل در بزرگراه‌ها

حمل‌ونقل میوه و سبزی تازه به‌دلیل اثرگذاری پارامترهای مختلف موضوع پیچیده‌ای است. بسته‌بندی میوه یکی از پارامترهای ضروری در کاهش صدمات مکانیکی ناشی از حمل‌ونقل است. اطلاعات دقیق در مورد وضعیت جاده‌ای و شرایط حمل‌ونقل هر منطقه به طراحان جعبه کمک می‌کند تا شبیه‌سازی دقیقی از شرایط موجود داشته باشند. هدف از این تحقیق اندازه‌گیری شتاب ارتعاش کف کامیون برای حمل‌ونقل جاده‌ای در بزرگراه‌های کشور بود. یک شبکه حسگر بی‌سیم متشکل از سه گره حسگر با شتاب‌سنج سه محوره برای اندازه‌گیری شتاب لحظه‌ای در جلو و عقب کامیون‌های دارای سامانه تعلیق فنری به‌کار گرفته شد. مقادیر شتاب اندازه‌گیری شده توسط پایگاه داده جمع‌آوری و در لپ‌تاپ ذخیره گردید. در مقایسه با استاندارد astm 4728، سطوح چگالی طیف توان کامیون در بزرگراه برای بازه فرکانسی 351 هرتز بیشتر از استاندارد و برای بازه فرکانسی 200-35 هرتز کمتر از استاندارد بود. متوسط ریشه میانگین مربعات شتاب در راستاهای عرضی، طولی و عمودی کامیون‌های سنگین به‌ترتیب 0.406، 0.236 و g 0.654 به‌دست آمد. برای کامیون با سیستم تعلیق فنری، بالاترین مقادیر psd در فرکانس‌های کمتر از 6 هرتز اتفاق افتاد و بازه فرکانسی 43 هرتز به‌عنوان فرکانس غالب تعیین گردید. یافته‌های تحقیق می‌تواند در شبیه‌سازی شرایط حمل‌ونقل و برای برنامه‌ریزی میزهای ارتعاشی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

Measurement and Analysis of Fruit Vibration on the Truck Bed during Transportation on Highways

Introduction Transportation of fresh fruit and vegetables is complicated because it can be affected by various factors. Truck vibration is one of the most prevalent causes of mechanical damage to fresh fruit during transportation. Poor driving performance, road features, package features, truck features, package location, and fruit features are the main factors that affect truck vibration. After the harvest, the crop’s quality can be maintained and cannot be improved. Thus, the globalization of fresh produce trade needs better longdistance transportation systems to deliver highquality products to the consumer. Fruit packaging is an essential factor in reducing the mechanical damages caused by transportation. A wideranging of distribution environments could affect designing packages. Accurate information about the traffic and transportation status of any region helps packaging designers to produce a more precise simulation of the existing conditions. Thus, this research was conducted to analyze the vibration levels for truck transport on highway roads using multisensorbased computing on packaged fruit in Iran.Materials and Methods Towards this goal, a wireless sensor network (WSN) made of three sensor nodes with triaxial accelerometers was designed to measure the vibration levels of a truck equipped with leafspring suspension on highway roads. This WSN solution enabled the sensors to be easily mounted at different locations and provided realtime data monitoring. A GPS receiver and a laptop were used to determine the location of the truck, and data analysis, receptively. To analyze the vibration data a, power spectral density function (PSD) levels were applied. A PSD function shows the strength of the variations (energy) as a function of frequency. Broadly, it shows at which frequencies variations are strong and weak. The vibration levels measurement was carried out on three trucks with leafspring suspension. The three selected routes represent different roads type in Iran. The reason for sampling the data acquired in the long route was to obtain information from different geographical locations on the country’s roads.Results and Discussion The acquired data can be used in laboratory vibration tests if it is independent of the fruit type. Because the acceleration of the truck bed, unlike the one in top rows, does not depend on the fruit type and the acceleration at the end of the truck is higher than at the front, the current study focused on the vibration at the end of the truck bed. Compared to the ASTM 4728 standard, the PSD levels of the truck on highway roads were higher from 1 to 35 Hz and lower from 35 to 200 Hz. The average RMSG values calculated for lateral, longitudinal and vertical directions of heavy trucks were 0.406, 0.236, and 0.654 G, respectively. For trucks with spring suspension, the highest PSD values occurred at frequencies below 6 Hz, and the frequency range of 34 Hz was determined as the dominant frequency. Comparing the average RMSG (0.654 G) found with the ones mentioned in previous studies showed that the vertical vibration levels of the truck in Iran are higher than in most countries. Apart from driving quality, these results can be explained by the type of suspension system, amount of load, and road quality.Conclusion In sum, the results can be used to simulate the truck transport conditions by programmable vibration simulators to reproduce the vibration conditions for package testing on Iran roads. The findings are highly interested in improving packaging design, reducing fruit damage, maintaining shelf life, smart transportation, and related industries. Thus, potential future works are lab simulations, optimizations of packages, and the development of a realtime vibration monitoring system.