مطالعه تجربی و شبیه‌سازی سینتیک خشک شدن یونجه ساقه‌کوبی شده به روش دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی

در این پژوهش تاثیر شدت ساقه‌کوبی بر فرآیند خشک شدن یونجه و همچنین ماکزیمم نیروی مورد نیاز برای جدا کردن برگ از ساقه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. آزمایش‌ها به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی صورت گرفت. متغیرهای مستقل، شدت ساقه‌کوبی در 3 شدت (کم، متوسط و شدید)، زمان در 7 سطح برای آزمایش اول و 4 سطح برای آزمایش دوم و همچنین متغیرهای وابسته دو آزمایش به‌ترتیب نسبت رطوبت محصول و ماکزیمم مقدار نیروی مورد نیاز جدا کردن برگ از ساقه بودند. از دستگاه بافت‌سنج با سرعت پروب 10 میلی‌متر بر دقیقه برای اندازه‌گیری نیروی جدایش برگ از ساقه در رطوبت‌های مختلف استفاده گردید. همچنین برای شبیه‌سازی نرخ از دست‌دادن رطوبت ساقه از روش دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از شبیه‌سازی دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی در تخمین زمان خشک شدن یونجه، همبستگی بالایی (اختلاف زیر 10%) را با نتایج داده‌های تجربی نشان داد. همچنین نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان داد که با کاهش رطوبت محصول و افزایش شدت ساقه‌کوبی، میزان نیروی جدایش برگ از ساقه به‌طور معنی‌داری (0.99) کاهش یافت. در پایان نتایج، با در نظر گرفتن کیفیت محصول نهایی و تلفات کم‌تر برگ و همچنین در نظر گرفتن زمان مناسب خشک شدن علوفه، ساقه‌کوبی با شدت متوسط (8 ضربه) به‌عنوان بهترین حالت انتخاب گردید.

Experimental and Numerical Study of the Moisture Loss Rate in Conditioned Alfalfa Stem using Computational Fluid Dynamics

IntroductionToday, the development of the livestock industry and feed supply is a vital issue due to the growing world population, the importance of animal protein supply, and the growing requirement for livestock products.A porous medium refers to a solidvoid (pore) space that is occupied by a fluid (gas or liquid). Generally, many of these pores are interconnected which makes the transportation of mass and heat possible through the pores and this contributes to a faster transportation process through the solid matrix. Porosity is the fraction of void space to total volume.While the pores are large enough, water vapor and air in the porous media can be transported by molecular diffusion. Molecular diffusion of a gas species (e.g., vapor) in a gas mixture (e.g., vapor and air) is described by Fick’s law.Materials and MethodsIn this study, the samples were classified into four categories, including control, 3impacts (low conditioning), 8impacts (average conditioning), and 13impacts (high conditioning). Each category included six samples (50grams) that were used to measure different characteristics at different stages. All samples were weighed every two hours using a digital scale (0.001 gr precision). The leafstem separation force then was extracted using a texture analyzer. All experiments were repeated three times, and finally, the mean of these three repetitions was reported as the final value for the intended parameter.The geometry of the alfalfa stem was drawn in Gambit software and after meshing and applying boundary conditions; it was transferred to ANSYS Fluent software. Then, while the solver was selected, adjusted under relaxation factors were applied. In the following, mesh independency was checked and the results were reported.Results and DiscussionTo ensure numerical accuracy, the experimental data should be validated with the simulation results. For this purpose, experimental moisture losses were compared to the software results and showed a good agreement. Then, the moisture ratio curves (kinetics of drying) and forcetime chart were presented.The impact of the moisture content of the tissue was evaluated on the value of force per time. Therefore, three samples of alfalfa with different relative humidity in terms of leafstem separation force were reported.The results of the numerical simulations were presented as two main contours: the velocity magnitude and moisture (water vapor) mass fraction. The simulation results were provided for all different modes and compared to the experimental data. Finally, errors between both results were presented in a table.ConclusionRegarding the quality and losses of the final product and comparisons between four different modes (control, 3 impacts, 8 impacts, and 13 impacts), the mode with 8 impacts was selected as the best mode.The Forcetime chart illustrated two peaks due to the special multilayer texture of the alfalfa. Regarding reducing the moisture ratio of the alfalfa as compared to the optimal, the force required to separate the leaves from the alfalfa stem was significantly decreased. Also, a significant increase in the losses was observed for impacts modes higher than 8.