طراحی و ساخت یک سامانه هشدار عدم سقوط بذر در خطی‌کار دستی یک ردیفه

در تحقیق حاضر طراحی و ساخت یک سامانه هشدار الکترونیکی برای عدم سقوط بذرهای درشت از لوله سقوط کارنده به داخل شیار زمین با استفاده از سه نوع بذر ذرت، لوبیا و سویا انجام شده است. دو حسگر لیزر و ماکروویو و روش دستی در شمارش بذر مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. این آزمایش‌ها در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو تیمار نوع بذر (ذرت، لوبیا و سویا) و نوع شمارش بذر (دستی، مایکروویو و لیزر) در حساسیت متوسط و بالای حسگرها یک بار در مزرعه و یک بار در آزمایشگاه در سه تکرار انجام شد. برای مقایسه میانگین از آزمون دانکن در سطح احتمال 1% استفاده شد. نتیجه نشان داد که در آزمایشگاه اختلاف تعداد شمارش بذر توسط حسگر لیزر نسبت به تعداد واقعی آن در حساسیت متوسط و بالا برای بذر ذرت به‌ترتیب 87.4% و 94.3%، بذر لوبیا 89.1% و 94.2% و بذر سویا 89.4% و 92.3% و در حالت مزرعه اختلاف برای بذر ذرت به‌ترتیب 86.5% و 92.6%، بذر لوبیا 92% و 94.3%، و بذر سویا 89.3% و 93.6% بود که در بیشتر موارد اختلاف معنی‌دار مشاهده شد. اختلاف تعداد شمارش بذر توسط حسگر مایکروویو نسبت به تعداد واقعی آن در حساسیت متوسط و بالا در آزمایشگاه برای بذر ذرت به‌ترتیب 85.3% و 90.5%، بذر لوبیا 83.8% و 92.3% و بذر سویا 86.9% و 93.2% و این اختلاف در مزرعه برای بذر ذرت به‌ترتیب 82.7% و 88.9% ، بذر لوبیا 88.3% و 91.4% و بذر سویا 84.6% و 91.8% بود که در بیشتر موارد اختلاف معنی‌دار مشاهده شد. در صورت عدم سقوط بذر در این حسگرها، سامانه به اپراتور هشدار می‌دهد. لازم به ذکر است که در تمام موارد عملکرد حسگر لیزر در شمارش بذر از حسگر مایکروویو بهتر بود.

Design and Development of a Warning System for Seed Blockage in a One Row Grain Drill

IntroductionThe use of new technology in planters is one of the most important factors in the advancement of agricultural science. In the present study, an electronic warning system has been designed and implemented to prevent large seeds from falling from the fall pipe into the ground groove. In this study, three types of corn, bean and soybean seeds have been used, using two laser and microwave sensors. Viewing and comparison of the two sensors and their performance in two conditions of medium and high sensitivity in both laboratory and field conditions were conducted. In this case, the differences between the two sensors in different sensitivities have been evaluated and compared. The performance of the sensors in seed count has also been studied and compared. According to the results obtained in both cases, the sensors performance was acceptable, and especially in the maximum sensitivity of the sensors, they were able to handle well the clogs created in different situations (clogging down or above the fall pipe or emptying the seed tank). Detect and alert in a timely manner. Also, the count of seeds in all three seed types was recorded with high accuracy compared to the actual number.Materials and MethodsThree types of coarse seeds (corn, beans and soybeans) as well as two types of sensors (laser and microwave) with two levels of medium sensitivity and high sensitivity were used for the experiments. Laser sensors are one of the most precise instrumentation and industrial automation tools that use laser light to detect objects or even precise distances. The function of the microwave sensor is that the high frequency waves are transmitted when the power supply is connected. These waves are reflected back to the module receiver if they hit objects. The open waves in the module are multiplied by the frequency of transmission by the mixer and a lowoutput (IF) signal is generated. The output frequency is equal to the difference between the frequency of the transmitted and reflected waves caused by the Doppler effect. Based on this frequency, the presence of a moving object and its speed are detected.Experiments were carried out at both laboratory and field levels and in both moderate and high sensitivity modes using variable resistance mounted on the controller. The equivalent distance for each seed test is 100 meters, so twice for each seed in the laboratory and field level for each of the laser and microwave sensors in both high and medium sensitivity modes. In this system, in case of falling pipe clogging due to seed accumulation or mud under the falling pipe or other factors, an alert system (warning beep), along with the corresponding LED light, indicates a problem in the seed fall system and the operator alerts paying attention to the LED light (green or red) will detect the problem.Results and DiscussionThe results indicated that by installing a variable resistance inside the circuit, different sensors can be created in the sensors. Increasing the sensitivity of the sensor as much as possible can cause higher the efficiency of the sensor. In the two cases of medium and high resistance, sensors work with medium and high sensitivity. It works since both modes have been tested and the results have been satisfactory. The accuracy of counting and seed detection accuracy between two laser sensors and microwave sensors in two medium and high sensitivity modes were calculated and evaluated. The experiments in the laboratory showed that the difference in the number of seed count by laser sensor compared to the actual number in maize seed at medium and high sensitivity were 87.4% and 94.3%, respectively, in bean seeds 89.1% and 94.2%, respectively. And in soybean seed were 89.4% and 92.3%, respectively.ConclusionsThe developed embedded system can successfully check and announce the instantaneous state of three types of grain tested (corn, beans and soybeans) in the seed delivery tube of a hand singlerow planter with visual cues (on or off LED lights) and audible signals (on or off the alarm), whenever there is a grain flow or no grain flow. Likewise, the developed system can show the blockage at the end of the seed delivery tube with visual indications of the green and red lights on or off and the alarm sound described in detail. These warnings are indications of a fall pipe failure or lack of grain flow in the grain measuring mechanism toward the opening groove and then into the ground. This type of detection alerts the operator in a timely manner by monitoring the status of the grains in the measuring system and ensuring that the grains are located in the ground.