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   مدل‌سازی و بهینه‌سازی انرژی مصرفی گاوآهن برگردان‌دار به روش سطح پاسخ  
   
نویسنده مهریجانی محمد ,خدائی جلال ,زارعی سمیرا
منبع ماشين هاي كشاورزي - 1398 - دوره : 9 - شماره : 1 - صفحه:167 -176
چکیده    خاک‌ورزی به‌عنوان مرحله مقدماتی برای تولید محصولات کشاورزی، حجم بالایی از انرژی را مصرف می‌کند. با توجه به بحران انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای ناشی از مصرف بی‌رویه سوخت‌های فسیلی تمام تلاش‌ها بر آن است که مصرف انرژی تا حد ممکن کاهش یابد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر پارامترهای سرعت پیشروی، عمق شخم و رطوبت خاک بر میزان مصرف سوخت و نیروی کششی مورد نیاز طی عملیات شخم با گاوآهن برگردان‌دار سه خیش سوارشونده در خاکی با بافت رسی می‌باشد. آزمایش‌ها با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ مطابق با طرح مرکب مرکزی (ccd) با در نظر گرفتن سه سطح برای سرعت پیشروی تراکتور (4، 5 و 6 کیلومتر بر ساعت)، سه سطح رطوبت خاک (12، 16 و 20 درصد) و سه سطح عمق خاک‌ورزی (20، 25 و 30 سانتی‌متر) انجام گردید. از نرم‌افزار design expert 8.0.6 برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های آزمایش استفاده شد. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل آماری نشان داد، اثر عوامل عمق شخم، رطوبت خاک و سرعت پیشروی بر روی میزان مصرف سوخت و نیروی کششی مورد نیاز در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنی‌دار بود. متغیرهای مستقل به‌صورت معادلات رگرسیونی مرتبه دوم مدل‌‍سازی شدند و نقاط بهینه این متغیرها به‌دست آمد. بیشترین درصد مطلوبیت در سرعت پیشروی 5.08 کیلومتر بر ساعت، عمق شخم 20 سانتی‌متر و رطوبت خاک16.41 درصد اندازه‌گیری شد.
کلیدواژه بهینه سازی، تراکتور Mf285، سوخت مصرفی، مدل رگرسیونی، نیروی کششی
آدرس دانشگاه کردستان, دانشکده کشاورزی, گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم, ایران, دانشگاه کردستان, دانشکده کشاورزی, گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم, ایران, دانشگاه کردستان, دانشکده کشاورزی, گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم, ایران
 
   Modeling and Optimizing of the Energy Consumption of Moldboard Plow using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)  
   
Authors Khodaei J ,Mehrijani M ,Zareei S
Abstract    <p > <strong >Introduction </strong > </p > <p >Tillage as a preliminary step for agricultural production consumes large amounts of energy. Regarding the energy crisis and the greenhouse gas emissions caused by the indiscriminate use of fossil fuels, many efforts have been done to reduce energy consumption as much as possible. About half of the energy used in the crop production has been dedicated to tillage operations; hence the optimization of tillage tools performance can lead to decrease the energy loss. Tillage operation in most regions of Iran is carried out by moldboard plow. The ability of this plow in turning the soil has made it impressively different from the other plows. The energy used in tillage operations depends on various factors such as soil type and its conditions (soil moisture and texture), plow depth and forward speed. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of forward speed, plow depth and soil moisture on fuel consumption and required tensile force during tillage operation with a moldboard plow which uses three plows in clay soil. </p > <p > <strong >Materials and Methods </strong > </p > <p >The current study was carried out to optimize the tillage operation with a moldboard plow in the clay soil. Tillage experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of forward speed, plow depth and soil moisture content on the required tensile force and tractor fuel consumption. A moldboard plow with three singlesided plows was used to conduct experiments. Two tractors (MF285 and U650) and a dynamometer were used to measure the required tensile force. To measure the fuel consumption of the tractor during operation, the fuel level was measured in a separate tank system installed on the tractor 's fuel system. </p > <p >Experiments were carried out using response surface method and central composite design (CCD) by taking three levels of forward speed (4, 5 and 6 kmh <sup >1 </sup >), three plow depth (20, 25 and 30 cm) and three levels of soil moisture content (12, 16 and 20%). Design Expert 8.0.6 software was used to analyze the experimental data. </p > <p > <strong >Results and Discussion </strong > </p > <p >The result of the analysis of variance showed that the effects of plow depth, forward speed and soil moisture, as well as the interaction between forward speed and moisture content on the fuel consumption during tillage operations with moldboard plow are significant. The results also indicated that the increase in forward speed decreased the fuel consumption. Also, fuel consumption decreased with increasing in moisture content at first, but then increased. The reason for this was probably because of the increased strength of soil particles due to the reduced moisture content (the stronger coherence force between the particles), which required more energy to shear the soil. </p > <p >According to the results of analysis of variance, it can be concluded that all three factors of forward speed, plow depth and soil moisture had a significant effect on the required tensile force of moldboard plow at %1 probability level. With increasing the plow depth and forward speed, required tensile force increased significantly. The dependent variables were modeled as second order regression equations and optimal values of independent variables were determined. Optimum performance with maximum desirability was determined at forward speed of 5.08 kmh <sup >1 </sup >, plow depth of 20 cm and soil moisture content of 16.41%. </p > <p > <strong >Conclusions </strong > </p > <p >With increasing plow depth, tensile force and fuel consumption increased. Also, tensile force increased with increasing forward speed, but this increase was not severely affected by the plow depth and reduced the fuel consumption. The quadratic regression models can well predict the required tensile force and fuel consumption. Using response surface method, optimum performance was determined at forward speed of 5.08 kmh <sup >1 </sup >, plow depth of 20 cm and soil moisture content of 16.41%. </p >
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