Shoot and root induction and growth of single nodes of Rosa damascena in different culture media

Rosa damascena is an important commercial crop in ornamental horticulture. also, its essential oils and phenolic compounds are used in the medicinal, food, flavor, and perfume industries. the shoot and root regeneration of axillary single-node explants was studied on 16 and 24 different media, respectively. the combinations of 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mg-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (bap) with 0.1 and 0.05 mgl-1 auxins [(2,4-d and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (naa)] and 0.1 mgl-1 gibberellic acid (ga3) were investigated for shoot induction. shoot induction and proliferation were observed 16 and 38 days after planting, respectively. the highest shoot proliferation (100%) was obtained in the presence of 2.5 mgl-1 bap and 0.05 mgl-1 of 2,4-d (medium 16). root formation and growth of healthy shoots were studied on various combinations of indole-3 acetic acid (iaa) (0, 0.05, and 0.1 mgl-1) with full-strength and half-strength ms media in the solid and liquid culture media (12 media). in the optimal medium, root initiation and growth occurred 125 and 138 days after culturing, respectively. the successful rooting process occurred just in two media with rooting frequency of 31 and 53% respectively. rooting frequency was higher in the half-strength ms liquid media than in the other media.